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<title>The Closure API (libffi: the portable foreign function interface library)</title>
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<div class="section" id="The-Closure-API">
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<p>
Next: <a href="Closure-Example.html" accesskey="n" rel="next">Closure Example</a>, Previous: <a href="Multiple-ABIs.html" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Multiple ABIs</a>, Up: <a href="Using-libffi.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">Using libffi</a> [<a href="Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
<span id="The-Closure-API-1"></span><h3 class="section">2.5 The Closure API</h3>
<p><code>libffi</code> also provides a way to write a generic function – a
function that can accept and decode any combination of arguments.
This can be useful when writing an interpreter, or to provide wrappers
for arbitrary functions.
</p>
<p>This facility is called the <em>closure API</em>. Closures are not
supported on all platforms; you can check the <code>FFI_CLOSURES</code>
define to determine whether they are supported on the current
platform.
<span id="index-closures"></span>
<span id="index-closure-API"></span>
<span id="index-FFI_005fCLOSURES"></span>
</p>
<p>Because closures work by assembling a tiny function at runtime, they
require special allocation on platforms that have a non-executable
heap. Memory management for closures is handled by a pair of
functions:
</p>
<span id="index-ffi_005fclosure_005falloc"></span>
<dl class="def">
<dt id="index-void-1"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>void</strong> <em>*ffi_closure_alloc (size_t <var>size</var>, void **<var>code</var>)</em><a href='#index-void-1' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Allocate a chunk of memory holding <var>size</var> bytes. This returns a
pointer to the writable address, and sets *<var>code</var> to the
corresponding executable address.
</p>
<p><var>size</var> should be sufficient to hold a <code>ffi_closure</code> object.
</p></dd></dl>
<span id="index-ffi_005fclosure_005ffree"></span>
<dl class="def">
<dt id="index-void-2"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>void</strong> <em>ffi_closure_free (void *<var>writable</var>)</em><a href='#index-void-2' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Free memory allocated using <code>ffi_closure_alloc</code>. The argument is
the writable address that was returned.
</p></dd></dl>
<p>Once you have allocated the memory for a closure, you must construct a
<code>ffi_cif</code> describing the function call. Finally you can prepare
the closure function:
</p>
<span id="index-ffi_005fprep_005fclosure_005floc"></span>
<dl class="def">
<dt id="index-ffi_005fstatus-3"><span class="category">Function: </span><span><strong>ffi_status</strong> <em>ffi_prep_closure_loc (ffi_closure *<var>closure</var>, ffi_cif *<var>cif</var>, void (*<var>fun</var>) (ffi_cif *<var>cif</var>, void *<var>ret</var>, void **<var>args</var>, void *<var>user_data</var>), void *<var>user_data</var>, void *<var>codeloc</var>)</em><a href='#index-ffi_005fstatus-3' class='copiable-anchor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Prepare a closure function. The arguments to
<code>ffi_prep_closure_loc</code> are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><span><var>closure</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>The address of a <code>ffi_closure</code> object; this is the writable
address returned by <code>ffi_closure_alloc</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>cif</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>The <code>ffi_cif</code> describing the function parameters. Note that this
object, and the types to which it refers, must be kept alive until the
closure itself is freed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>user_data</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>An arbitrary datum that is passed, uninterpreted, to your closure
function.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>codeloc</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>The executable address returned by <code>ffi_closure_alloc</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>fun</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>The function which will be called when the closure is invoked. It is
called with the arguments:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><span><var>cif</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>The <code>ffi_cif</code> passed to <code>ffi_prep_closure_loc</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>ret</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>A pointer to the memory used for the function’s return value.
</p>
<p>If the function is declared as returning <code>void</code>, then this value
is garbage and should not be used.
</p>
<p>Otherwise, <var>fun</var> must fill the object to which this points,
following the same special promotion behavior as <code>ffi_call</code>.
That is, in most cases, <var>ret</var> points to an object of exactly the
size of the type specified when <var>cif</var> was constructed. However,
integral types narrower than the system register size are widened. In
these cases your program may assume that <var>ret</var> points to an
<code>ffi_arg</code> object.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>args</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>A vector of pointers to memory holding the arguments to the function.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><span><var>user_data</var></span></dt>
<dd><p>The same <var>user_data</var> that was passed to
<code>ffi_prep_closure_loc</code>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p><code>ffi_prep_closure_loc</code> will return <code>FFI_OK</code> if everything
went ok, and one of the other <code>ffi_status</code> values on error.
</p>
<p>After calling <code>ffi_prep_closure_loc</code>, you can cast <var>codeloc</var>
to the appropriate pointer-to-function type.
</p></dd></dl>
<p>You may see old code referring to <code>ffi_prep_closure</code>. This
function is deprecated, as it cannot handle the need for separate
writable and executable addresses.
</p>
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Next: <a href="Closure-Example.html">Closure Example</a>, Previous: <a href="Multiple-ABIs.html">Multiple ABIs</a>, Up: <a href="Using-libffi.html">Using libffi</a> [<a href="Index.html" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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