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# pre-5.14.0 perl inadvertently destroys signal handlers # http://rt.perl.org/rt3/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=76138 use strict; use warnings; local %SIG = %SIG; package Net::DNS::RR::SIG; use strict; use warnings; our $VERSION = (qw$Id: SIG.pm 1856 2021-12-02 14:36:25Z willem $)[2]; use base qw(Net::DNS::RR); =head1 NAME Net::DNS::RR::SIG - DNS SIG resource record =cut use integer; use Carp; use Time::Local; use Net::DNS::Parameters qw(:type); use constant DEBUG => 0; use constant UTIL => defined eval { require Scalar::Util; }; eval { require MIME::Base64 }; # IMPORTANT: Downstream distros MUST NOT create dependencies on Net::DNS::SEC (strong crypto prohibited in many territories) use constant USESEC => defined $INC{'Net/DNS/SEC.pm'}; # Discover how we got here, without exposing any crypto use constant # Discourage static code analysers and casual greppers DNSSEC => USESEC && defined eval join '', qw(r e q u i r e), ' Net::DNS', qw(:: SEC :: Private); ## no critic my @index; if (DNSSEC) { foreach my $class ( map {"Net::DNS::SEC::$_"} qw(RSA DSA ECCGOST ECDSA EdDSA) ) { my @algorithms = eval join '', qw(r e q u i r e), " $class; $class->_index"; ## no critic push @index, map { ( $_ => $class ) } @algorithms; } croak 'Net::DNS::SEC version not supported' unless scalar(@index); } my %DNSSEC_verify = @index; my %DNSSEC_siggen = @index; my @field = qw(typecovered algorithm labels orgttl sigexpiration siginception keytag); sub _decode_rdata { ## decode rdata from wire-format octet string my $self = shift; my ( $data, $offset, @opaque ) = @_; my $limit = $offset + $self->{rdlength}; @{$self}{@field} = unpack "\@$offset n C2 N3 n", $$data; ( $self->{signame}, $offset ) = Net::DNS::DomainName2535->decode( $data, $offset + 18 ); $self->{sigbin} = substr $$data, $offset, $limit - $offset; croak('misplaced or corrupt SIG') unless $limit == length $$data; my $raw = substr $$data, 0, $self->{offset}; $self->{rawref} = \$raw; return; } sub _encode_rdata { ## encode rdata as wire-format octet string my $self = shift; my ( $offset, @opaque ) = @_; my ( $hash, $packet ) = @opaque; my $signame = $self->{signame}; if ( DNSSEC && !$self->{sigbin} ) { my $private = delete $self->{private}; # one shot is all you get my $sigdata = $self->_CreateSigData($packet); $self->_CreateSig( $sigdata, $private || die 'missing key reference' ); } return pack 'n C2 N3 n a* a*', @{$self}{@field}, $signame->encode, $self->sigbin; } sub _format_rdata { ## format rdata portion of RR string. my $self = shift; my $sname = $self->{signame} || return ''; my @sig64 = split /\s+/, MIME::Base64::encode( $self->sigbin ); my @rdata = ( map( { $self->$_ } @field ), $sname->string, @sig64 ); return @rdata; } sub _parse_rdata { ## populate RR from rdata in argument list my $self = shift; foreach ( @field, qw(signame) ) { $self->$_(shift) } $self->signature(@_); return; } sub _defaults { ## specify RR attribute default values my $self = shift; $self->class('ANY'); $self->typecovered('TYPE0'); $self->algorithm(1); $self->labels(0); $self->orgttl(0); $self->sigval(10); return; } sub typecovered { my $self = shift; # uncoverable pod $self->{typecovered} = typebyname(shift) if scalar @_; my $typecode = $self->{typecovered}; return defined $typecode ? typebyval($typecode) : undef; } sub algorithm { my ( $self, $arg ) = @_; unless ( ref($self) ) { ## class method or simple function my $argn = pop; return $argn =~ /[^0-9]/ ? _algbyname($argn) : _algbyval($argn); } return $self->{algorithm} unless defined $arg; return _algbyval( $self->{algorithm} ) if $arg =~ /MNEMONIC/i; return $self->{algorithm} = _algbyname($arg); } sub labels { return shift->{labels} = 0; # uncoverable pod } sub orgttl { return shift->{orgttl} = 0; # uncoverable pod } sub sigexpiration { my $self = shift; $self->{sigexpiration} = _string2time(shift) if scalar @_; my $time = $self->{sigexpiration}; return unless defined wantarray && defined $time; return UTIL ? Scalar::Util::dualvar( $time, _time2string($time) ) : _time2string($time); } sub siginception { my $self = shift; $self->{siginception} = _string2time(shift) if scalar @_; my $time = $self->{siginception}; return unless defined wantarray && defined $time; return UTIL ? Scalar::Util::dualvar( $time, _time2string($time) ) : _time2string($time); } sub sigex { return &sigexpiration; } ## historical sub sigin { return &siginception; } ## historical sub sigval { my $self = shift; no integer; ( $self->{sigval} ) = map { int( 60.0 * $_ ) } @_; return; } sub keytag { my $self = shift; $self->{keytag} = 0 + shift if scalar @_; return $self->{keytag} || 0; } sub signame { my $self = shift; $self->{signame} = Net::DNS::DomainName2535->new(shift) if scalar @_; return $self->{signame} ? $self->{signame}->name : undef; } sub sig { my $self = shift; return MIME::Base64::encode( $self->sigbin(), "" ) unless scalar @_; return $self->sigbin( MIME::Base64::decode( join "", @_ ) ); } sub sigbin { my $self = shift; $self->{sigbin} = shift if scalar @_; return $self->{sigbin} || ""; } sub signature { return &sig; } sub create { unless (DNSSEC) { croak qq[No "use Net::DNS::SEC" declaration in application code]; } else { my ( $class, $data, $priv_key, %etc ) = @_; my $private = ref($priv_key) ? $priv_key : ( Net::DNS::SEC::Private->new($priv_key) ); croak 'Unable to parse private key' unless ref($private) eq 'Net::DNS::SEC::Private'; my $self = Net::DNS::RR->new( type => 'SIG', typecovered => 'TYPE0', siginception => time(), algorithm => $private->algorithm, keytag => $private->keytag, signame => $private->signame, ); while ( my ( $attribute, $value ) = each %etc ) { $self->$attribute($value); } $self->{sigexpiration} = $self->{siginception} + $self->{sigval} unless $self->{sigexpiration}; $self->_CreateSig( $self->_CreateSigData($data), $private ) if $data; $self->{private} = $private unless $data; # mark packet for SIG0 generation return $self; } } sub verify { # Reminder... # $dataref may be either a data string or a reference to a # Net::DNS::Packet object. # # $keyref is either a key object or a reference to an array # of keys. unless (DNSSEC) { croak qq[No "use Net::DNS::SEC" declaration in application code]; } else { my ( $self, $dataref, $keyref ) = @_; if ( my $isa = ref($dataref) ) { print '$dataref argument is ', $isa, "\n" if DEBUG; croak '$dataref must be scalar or a Net::DNS::Packet' unless $isa =~ /Net::DNS/ && $dataref->isa('Net::DNS::Packet'); } print '$keyref argument is of class ', ref($keyref), "\n" if DEBUG; if ( ref($keyref) eq "ARRAY" ) { # We will iterate over the supplied key list and # return when there is a successful verification. # If not, continue so that we survive key-id collision. print "Iterating over ", scalar(@$keyref), " keys\n" if DEBUG; my @error; foreach my $keyrr (@$keyref) { my $result = $self->verify( $dataref, $keyrr ); return $result if $result; my $error = $self->{vrfyerrstr}; my $keyid = $keyrr->keytag; push @error, "key $keyid: $error"; print "key $keyid: $error\n" if DEBUG; next; } $self->{vrfyerrstr} = join "\n", @error; return 0; } elsif ( $keyref->isa('Net::DNS::RR::DNSKEY') ) { print "Validating using key with keytag: ", $keyref->keytag, "\n" if DEBUG; } else { croak join ' ', ref($keyref), 'can not be used as SIG0 key'; } croak "SIG typecovered is TYPE$self->{typecovered}" if $self->{typecovered}; if (DEBUG) { print "\n ---------------------- SIG DEBUG ----------------------"; print "\n SIG:\t", $self->string; print "\n KEY:\t", $keyref->string; print "\n -------------------------------------------------------\n"; } $self->{vrfyerrstr} = ''; unless ( $self->algorithm == $keyref->algorithm ) { $self->{vrfyerrstr} = 'algorithm does not match'; return 0; } unless ( $self->keytag == $keyref->keytag ) { $self->{vrfyerrstr} = 'keytag does not match'; return 0; } # The data that is to be verified my $sigdata = $self->_CreateSigData($dataref); my $verified = $self->_VerifySig( $sigdata, $keyref ) || return 0; # time to do some time checking. my $t = time; if ( _ordered( $self->{sigexpiration}, $t ) ) { $self->{vrfyerrstr} = join ' ', 'Signature expired at', $self->sigexpiration; return 0; } elsif ( _ordered( $t, $self->{siginception} ) ) { $self->{vrfyerrstr} = join ' ', 'Signature valid from', $self->siginception; return 0; } return 1; } } #END verify sub vrfyerrstr { return shift->{vrfyerrstr}; } ######################################## { my @algbyname = ( 'DELETE' => 0, # [RFC4034][RFC4398][RFC8078] 'RSAMD5' => 1, # [RFC3110][RFC4034] 'DH' => 2, # [RFC2539] 'DSA' => 3, # [RFC3755][RFC2536] ## Reserved => 4, # [RFC6725] 'RSASHA1' => 5, # [RFC3110][RFC4034] 'DSA-NSEC3-SHA1' => 6, # [RFC5155] 'RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1' => 7, # [RFC5155] 'RSASHA256' => 8, # [RFC5702] ## Reserved => 9, # [RFC6725] 'RSASHA512' => 10, # [RFC5702] ## Reserved => 11, # [RFC6725] 'ECC-GOST' => 12, # [RFC5933] 'ECDSAP256SHA256' => 13, # [RFC6605] 'ECDSAP384SHA384' => 14, # [RFC6605] 'ED25519' => 15, # [RFC8080] 'ED448' => 16, # [RFC8080] 'INDIRECT' => 252, # [RFC4034] 'PRIVATEDNS' => 253, # [RFC4034] 'PRIVATEOID' => 254, # [RFC4034] ## Reserved => 255, # [RFC4034] ); my %algbyval = reverse @algbyname; foreach (@algbyname) { s/[\W_]//g; } # strip non-alphanumerics my @algrehash = map { /^\d/ ? ($_) x 3 : uc($_) } @algbyname; my %algbyname = @algrehash; # work around broken cperl sub _algbyname { my $arg = shift; my $key = uc $arg; # synthetic key $key =~ s/[\W_]//g; # strip non-alphanumerics my $val = $algbyname{$key}; return $val if defined $val; return $key =~ /^\d/ ? $arg : croak qq[unknown algorithm $arg]; } sub _algbyval { my $value = shift; return $algbyval{$value} || return $value; } } { my %siglen = ( 1 => 128, 3 => 41, 5 => 256, 6 => 41, 7 => 256, 8 => 256, 10 => 256, 12 => 64, 13 => 64, 14 => 96, 15 => 64, 16 => 114, ); sub _size { ## estimate encoded size my $self = shift; my $clone = bless {%$self}, ref($self); # shallow clone $clone->sigbin( 'x' x $siglen{$self->algorithm} ); return length $clone->encode(); } } sub _CreateSigData { if (DNSSEC) { my ( $self, $message ) = @_; if ( ref($message) ) { die 'missing packet reference' unless $message->isa('Net::DNS::Packet'); my @unsigned = grep { ref($_) ne ref($self) } @{$message->{additional}}; local $message->{additional} = \@unsigned; # remake header image my @part = qw(question answer authority additional); my @size = map { scalar @{$message->{$_}} } @part; my $rref = delete $self->{rawref}; my $data = $rref ? $$rref : $message->data; my ( $id, $status ) = unpack 'n2', $data; my $hbin = pack 'n6 a*', $id, $status, @size; $message = $hbin . substr $data, length $hbin; } my $sigdata = pack 'n C2 N3 n a*', @{$self}{@field}, $self->{signame}->encode; print "\npreamble\t", unpack( 'H*', $sigdata ), "\nrawdata\t", unpack( 'H100', $message ), " ...\n" if DEBUG; return join '', $sigdata, $message; } } sub _CreateSig { if (DNSSEC) { my $self = shift; my $algorithm = $self->algorithm; my $class = $DNSSEC_siggen{$algorithm}; return eval { die "algorithm $algorithm not supported\n" unless $class; $self->sigbin( $class->sign(@_) ); } || return croak "${@}signature generation failed"; } } sub _VerifySig { if (DNSSEC) { my $self = shift; my $algorithm = $self->algorithm; my $class = $DNSSEC_verify{$algorithm}; my $retval = eval { die "algorithm $algorithm not supported\n" unless $class; $class->verify( @_, $self->sigbin ); }; unless ($retval) { $self->{vrfyerrstr} = "${@}signature verification failed"; print "\n", $self->{vrfyerrstr}, "\n" if DEBUG; return 0; } # uncoverable branch true # bug in Net::DNS::SEC or dependencies croak "unknown error in $class->verify" unless $retval == 1; print "\nalgorithm $algorithm verification successful\n" if DEBUG; return 1; } } sub _ordered() { ## irreflexive 32-bit partial ordering use integer; my ( $n1, $n2 ) = @_; return 0 unless defined $n2; # ( any, undef ) return 1 unless defined $n1; # ( undef, any ) # unwise to assume 64-bit arithmetic, or that 32-bit integer overflow goes unpunished if ( $n2 < 0 ) { # fold, leaving $n2 non-negative $n1 = ( $n1 & 0xFFFFFFFF ) ^ 0x80000000; # -2**31 <= $n1 < 2**32 $n2 = ( $n2 & 0x7FFFFFFF ); # 0 <= $n2 < 2**31 } return $n1 < $n2 ? ( $n1 > ( $n2 - 0x80000000 ) ) : ( $n2 < ( $n1 - 0x80000000 ) ); } my $y1998 = timegm( 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1998 ); my $y2026 = timegm( 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2026 ); my $y2082 = $y2026 << 1; my $y2054 = $y2082 - $y1998; my $m2026 = int( 0x80000000 - $y2026 ); my $m2054 = int( 0x80000000 - $y2054 ); my $t2082 = int( $y2082 & 0x7FFFFFFF ); my $t2100 = 1960058752; sub _string2time { ## parse time specification string my $arg = shift; return int($arg) if length($arg) < 12; my ( $y, $m, @dhms ) = unpack 'a4 a2 a2 a2 a2 a2', $arg . '00'; if ( $arg lt '20380119031408' ) { # calendar folding return timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y ) if $y < 2026; return timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y - 56 ) + $y2026; } elsif ( $y > 2082 ) { my $z = timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y - 84 ); # expunge 29 Feb 2100 return $z < 1456790400 ? $z + $y2054 : $z + $y2054 - 86400; } return ( timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y - 56 ) + $y2054 ) - $y1998; } sub _time2string { ## format time specification string my $arg = shift; my $ls31 = int( $arg & 0x7FFFFFFF ); if ( $arg & 0x80000000 ) { if ( $ls31 > $t2082 ) { $ls31 += 86400 unless $ls31 < $t2100; # expunge 29 Feb 2100 my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime( $ls31 + $m2054 ) )[0 .. 5] ); return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1984, $mm + 1, @dhms; } my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime( $ls31 + $m2026 ) )[0 .. 5] ); return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1956, $mm + 1, @dhms; } elsif ( $ls31 > $y2026 ) { my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime( $ls31 - $y2026 ) )[0 .. 5] ); return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1956, $mm + 1, @dhms; } my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime $ls31 )[0 .. 5] ); return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1900, $mm + 1, @dhms; } ######################################## 1; __END__ =head1 SYNOPSIS use Net::DNS; $rr = Net::DNS::RR->new('name SIG typecovered algorithm labels orgttl sigexpiration siginception keytag signame signature'); use Net::DNS::SEC; $sigrr = Net::DNS::RR::SIG->create( $string, $keypath, sigval => 10 # minutes ); $sigrr->verify( $string, $keyrr ) || die $sigrr->vrfyerrstr; $sigrr->verify( $packet, $keyrr ) || die $sigrr->vrfyerrstr; =head1 DESCRIPTION Class for DNS digital signature (SIG) resource records. In addition to the regular methods inherited from Net::DNS::RR the class contains a method to sign packets and scalar data strings using private keys (create) and a method for verifying signatures. The SIG RR is an implementation of RFC2931. See L<Net::DNS::RR::RRSIG> for an implementation of RFC4034. =head1 METHODS The available methods are those inherited from the base class augmented by the type-specific methods defined in this package. Use of undocumented package features or direct access to internal data structures is discouraged and could result in program termination or other unpredictable behaviour. =head2 algorithm $algorithm = $rr->algorithm; The algorithm number field identifies the cryptographic algorithm used to create the signature. algorithm() may also be invoked as a class method or simple function to perform mnemonic and numeric code translation. =head2 sigexpiration and siginception times =head2 sigex sigin sigval $expiration = $rr->sigexpiration; $expiration = $rr->sigexpiration( $value ); $inception = $rr->siginception; $inception = $rr->siginception( $value ); The signature expiration and inception fields specify a validity time interval for the signature. The value may be specified by a string with format 'yyyymmddhhmmss' or a Perl time() value. Return values are dual-valued, providing either a string value or numerical Perl time() value. =head2 keytag $keytag = $rr->keytag; $rr->keytag( $keytag ); The keytag field contains the key tag value of the KEY RR that validates this signature. =head2 signame $signame = $rr->signame; $rr->signame( $signame ); The signer name field value identifies the owner name of the KEY RR that a validator is supposed to use to validate this signature. =head2 signature =head2 sig $sig = $rr->sig; $rr->sig( $sig ); The Signature field contains the cryptographic signature that covers the SIG RDATA (excluding the Signature field) and the subject data. =head2 sigbin $sigbin = $rr->sigbin; $rr->sigbin( $sigbin ); Binary representation of the cryptographic signature. =head2 create Create a signature over scalar data. use Net::DNS::SEC; $keypath = '/home/olaf/keys/Kbla.foo.+001+60114.private'; $sigrr = Net::DNS::RR::SIG->create( $data, $keypath ); $sigrr = Net::DNS::RR::SIG->create( $data, $keypath, sigval => 10 ); $sigrr->print; # Alternatively use Net::DNS::SEC::Private $private = Net::DNS::SEC::Private->new($keypath); $sigrr= Net::DNS::RR::SIG->create( $data, $private ); create() is an alternative constructor for a SIG RR object. This method returns a SIG with the signature over the data made with the private key stored in the key file. The first argument is a scalar that contains the data to be signed. The second argument is a string which specifies the path to a file containing the private key as generated using dnssec-keygen, a program that comes with the ISC BIND distribution. The optional remaining arguments consist of ( name => value ) pairs as follows: sigin => 20211201010101, # signature inception sigex => 20211201011101, # signature expiration sigval => 10, # validity window (minutes) The sigin and sigex values may be specified as Perl time values or as a string with the format 'yyyymmddhhmmss'. The default for sigin is the time of signing. The sigval argument specifies the signature validity window in minutes ( sigex = sigin + sigval ). By default the signature is valid for 10 minutes. =over 4 =item * Do not change the name of the private key file. The create method uses the filename as generated by dnssec-keygen to determine the keyowner, algorithm, and the keyid (keytag). =back =head2 verify $verify = $sigrr->verify( $data, $keyrr ); $verify = $sigrr->verify( $data, [$keyrr, $keyrr2, $keyrr3] ); The verify() method performs SIG0 verification of the specified data against the signature contained in the $sigrr object itself using the public key in $keyrr. If a reference to a Net::DNS::Packet is supplied, the method performs a SIG0 verification on the packet data. The second argument can either be a Net::DNS::RR::KEYRR object or a reference to an array of such objects. Verification will return successful as soon as one of the keys in the array leads to positive validation. Returns false on error and sets $sig->vrfyerrstr =head2 vrfyerrstr $sig0 = $packet->sigrr || die 'not signed'; print $sig0->vrfyerrstr unless $sig0->verify( $packet, $keyrr ); $sigrr->verify( $packet, $keyrr ) || die $sigrr->vrfyerrstr; =head1 REMARKS The code is not optimised for speed. If this code is still around in 2100 (not a leap year) you will need to check for proper handling of times after 28th February. =head1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although their original code may have disappeared following redesign of Net::DNS, Net::DNS::SEC and the OpenSSL API, the following individual contributors deserve to be recognised for their significant influence on the development of the SIG package. Andy Vaskys (Network Associates Laboratories) supplied code for RSA. T.J. Mather provided support for the DSA algorithm. =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c)2001-2005 RIPE NCC, Olaf M. Kolkman Copyright (c)2007-2008 NLnet Labs, Olaf M. Kolkman Portions Copyright (c)2014 Dick Franks All rights reserved. Package template (c)2009,2012 O.M.Kolkman and R.W.Franks. =head1 LICENSE Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the original copyright notices appear in all copies and that both copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of the author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific prior written permission. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. =head1 SEE ALSO L<perl>, L<Net::DNS>, L<Net::DNS::RR>, L<Net::DNS::SEC>, RFC2536, RFC2931, RFC3110, RFC4034 L<Algorithm Numbers|http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-sec-alg-numbers> L<BIND Administrator Reference Manual|http://bind.isc.org/> =cut