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# Glossary This file documents various terms and definitions used throughout the Node.js community. * **ABI**: [Application Binary Interface][] - Defines the interface between two binary program modules. * **AFAICT**: As Far As I Can Tell. * **AFAIK**: As Far As I Know. * **API**: [Application Programming Interface][] - A set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate with each other. APIs are used to enable integration between different systems. * **ASAP**: As Soon As Possible. * **BE**: Big [Endian][] - A Byte Order where the largest bit comes first. The opposite of **LE**. * **Bootstrap**: Early phase in the Node.js process startup - sets up the execution environment and loads internal modules. * **CI**: [Continuous Integration][] - Development practice where code changes are frequently merged into a shared repository. * **CITGM**: Canary In The Gold Mine - A smoke test that tests the code change with popular npm packages. * **CJS**: [CommonJS][] - Standard for JavaScript modules, and in most cases, [CommonJS Modules][]. * **CLDR**: [Common Locale Data Repository][] - A repository of locale data used in software engineering. * **CLI**: [Command Line Interface][] - A way to interact with a computer program using text commands. * **Code cache**: Chunk of bytes storing compiled JS code and its metadata. * **CVE**: [Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures][] - Database maintaining reported security vulnerabilities. * **Deps**: Dependencies - Upstream projects that this project depends on. * **DOM**: [Document Object Model][] - A programming interface for web documents. It represents the structure of a document as a tree of objects, allowing programmers to dynamically manipulate the content and structure of a web page. * **ECMA**: [Ecma International][] - A nonprofit standards organization that develops and publishes international standards, including **ECMA-262**. * **ECMA-262**: **Ecma**'s [specification document for **ECMAScript**][], maintained and updated by the **TC39**. * **ECMAScript**: A standard for scripting languages, including **JavaScript**. * **EOF**: [End-of-File][] - Indicates the end of a file or stream. * **EOL**: [End-of-Life][] (when used within project documents), [End-of-Line][] (when used within a program), End-of-Life is usually how this term is used. * **ESM**: [ECMAScript Module][] - The implementation of the **ECMA-262** module system. * **ETW**: [Event Tracing for Windows][] - Provides a way to trace events in Windows systems. * **FFDC**: First Failure Data Capture - Logs, traces, and dumps produced by default on program error. * **FIPS**: [Federal Information Processing Standards][] - Set of standards for use in computer systems by non-military government agencies and government contractors. * **FS**: File System. * **Godbolt**: [Compiler Explorer][] - Tool for running compilers interactively from a web browser. * **HTTP**: [HyperText Transfer Protocol][] - An application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. * **ICU**: [International Components for Unicode][] - Library providing support for Unicode. * **IDE**: [Integrated Development Environment][] - A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. * **IETF**: [Internet Engineering Task Force][] - An international community responsible for developing and promoting Internet standards. * **IIRC**: If I Recall Correctly. * **IIUC**: If I Understand Correctly. * **IMHO**: In My Humble/Honest Opinion. * **IMO**: In My Opinion. * **IPC**: [Inter-Process Communication][] - Mechanism allowing processes to communicate with each other. * **JIT**: [Just In Time][] - Method of executing computer code during runtime. * **JS**: [JavaScript][] - A high-level, interpreted programming language that conforms to the **ECMAScript** specification. * **JS/C++ boundary**: Boundary between V8's runtime and JS code execution, often crossed when calling JS functions with C++ linkage. * **JSON**: [JavaScript Object Notation][] - A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and for machines to parse and generate. It is commonly used for transmitting data between a server and a web application. * **LE**: Little [Endian][] - A Byte Order where the smallest bit comes first. The opposite of **BE**. * **LGTM/SGTM**: Looks/Sounds good to me. * **LTS**: [Long Term Support][] - Support provided for a software version for an extended period. * **MDN**: [Mozilla Development Network][] - Resource for web developers. * **MVC**: [Model-View-Controller][] - A software design pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces. It separates the application into three interconnected components: the model (data), the view (presentation), and the controller (logic). * **Native modules/addons**: Modules compiled to native code from a non-JavaScript language, such as C or C++, that expose interfaces callable from JavaScript. * **npm**: [npm][] - A package manager and registry widely used for managing dependencies in Node.js projects and for sharing code with others. * **OOB**: Out Of Bounds - Used in the context of array access. * **OOM**: Out Of Memory - Situation where a computer program exceeds its memory allocation. * **OOP**: [Object-Oriented Programming][] - A programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which can contain data and code to manipulate that data. OOP languages include features such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. * **PPC**: [PowerPC][] - A type of microprocessor architecture. * **PTAL**: Please Take A Look. * **Primordials**: Pristine built-ins in JavaScript that are not affected by prototype pollution. * **Prototype Pollution**: Process in which a user mutating object prototypes affects other code. * **RAII**: [Resource Acquisition Is Initialization][] - Programming idiom used to manage resources in C++. * **REPL**: [Read Evaluate Print Loop][] - Environment for interactive programming. * **RFC**: [Request For Comments][] - A Document used in standardization processes. * **RSLGTM**: Rubber-Stamp Looks Good To Me - The reviewer approves without a full code review. * **RSS**: [Resident Set Size][] - Amount of memory occupied by a process in RAM. * **SMP**: [Symmetric Multi-Processor][] - Architecture where multiple processors share the same memory. * **Snapshot**: Chunk of bytes containing data serialized from a V8 heap. * **TBH**: To Be Honest. * **TC39**: [Ecma Technical Committee 39][], governing body over **ECMAScript**. * **TSC**: Technical Steering Committee - Governing body within a project. * **UI**: [User Interface][] - The point of interaction between a user and a computer program. It includes elements such as buttons, menus, and other graphical elements that allow users to interact with the software. * **URL**: [Uniform Resource Locator][] - A reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and the mechanism for retrieving it, typically using the HTTP or HTTPS protocol. * **UTF-8**: [Unicode Transformation Format - 8-bit][] - A variable-width character encoding widely used for representing Unicode characters efficiently in byte-oriented systems. * **V8**: [The JavaScript engine][] that powers Node.js and Chrome browser. * **Vendoring**: Integrating external software into the project by copying its code source. * **VM**: [The Node.js VM module][] - Provides a way of executing code within V8 Virtual Machine contexts. * **W3C**: [World Wide Web Consortium][] - An international community that develops standards and guidelines for various aspects of the web ecosystem. * **WASI**: [Web Assembly System Interface][] - Interface for WebAssembly. * **WASM**: Web Assembly - Binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine. * **WG**: Working Group - Autonomous teams in the project with specific focus areas. * **WHATWG**: [Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group][] - Community developing web standards. * **WIP**: Work In Progress - Unfinished work that may be worth an early look. * **WPT**: [web-platform-tests][] - Test suite for web platform APIs. [Application Binary Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface [Application Programming Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface [Command Line Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface [Common Locale Data Repository]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Locale_Data_Repository [Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures]: https://cve.org [CommonJS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CommonJS [CommonJS Modules]: https://nodejs.org/api/modules.html#modules-commonjs-modules [Compiler Explorer]: https://godbolt.org/ [Continuous Integration]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration [Document Object Model]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model [ECMAScript Module]: https://nodejs.org/api/esm.html#modules-ecmascript-modules [Ecma International]: https://ecma.org [Ecma Technical Committee 39]: https://tc39.es/ [End-of-File]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-file [End-of-Life]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-life_product [End-of-Line]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline [Endian]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness [Event Tracing for Windows]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_Viewer [Federal Information Processing Standards]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards [Hypertext Transfer Protocol]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol [Integrated Development Environment]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment [Inter-Process Communication]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication [International Components for Unicode]: https://icu.unicode.org/ [Internet Engineering Task Force]: https://www.ietf.org/ [JavaScript]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript [JavaScript Object Notation]: https://www.json.org/ [Just In Time]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation [Long Term Support]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_support [Model-View-Controller]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller [Mozilla Development Network]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US [NPM]: https://www.npmjs.com/ [Object-Oriented Programming]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming [PowerPC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC [Read Evaluate Print Loop]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop [Request For Comments]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Request_for_Comments [Resident Set Size]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resident_set_size [Resource Acquisition Is Initialization]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_acquisition_is_initialization [Symmetric Multi-Processor]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_multiprocessing [The JavaScript Engine]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_\(JavaScript_engine\) [The Node.js VM Module]: https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html [Unicode Transformation Format - 8-bit]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 [Uniform Resource Locator]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL [User Interface]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface [Web Assembly System Interface]: https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI [Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG [World Wide Web Consortium]: https://www.w3.org/ [specification document for **ECMAScript**]: https://ecma-international.org/publications-and-standards/standards/ecma-262/ [web-platform-tests]: https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt