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import enum
import errno
import inspect
import os
import sys
import typing as t
from collections import abc
from contextlib import contextmanager
from contextlib import ExitStack
from functools import partial
from functools import update_wrapper
from gettext import gettext as _
from gettext import ngettext
from itertools import repeat
from . import types
from .exceptions import Abort
from .exceptions import BadParameter
from .exceptions import ClickException
from .exceptions import Exit
from .exceptions import MissingParameter
from .exceptions import UsageError
from .formatting import HelpFormatter
from .formatting import join_options
from .globals import pop_context
from .globals import push_context
from .parser import _flag_needs_value
from .parser import OptionParser
from .parser import split_opt
from .termui import confirm
from .termui import prompt
from .termui import style
from .utils import _detect_program_name
from .utils import _expand_args
from .utils import echo
from .utils import make_default_short_help
from .utils import make_str
from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper
if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
import typing_extensions as te
from .shell_completion import CompletionItem
F = t.TypeVar("F", bound=t.Callable[..., t.Any])
V = t.TypeVar("V")
def _complete_visible_commands(
ctx: "Context", incomplete: str
) -> t.Iterator[t.Tuple[str, "Command"]]:
"""List all the subcommands of a group that start with the
incomplete value and aren't hidden.
:param ctx: Invocation context for the group.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
"""
multi = t.cast(MultiCommand, ctx.command)
for name in multi.list_commands(ctx):
if name.startswith(incomplete):
command = multi.get_command(ctx, name)
if command is not None and not command.hidden:
yield name, command
def _check_multicommand(
base_command: "MultiCommand", cmd_name: str, cmd: "Command", register: bool = False
) -> None:
if not base_command.chain or not isinstance(cmd, MultiCommand):
return
if register:
hint = (
"It is not possible to add multi commands as children to"
" another multi command that is in chain mode."
)
else:
hint = (
"Found a multi command as subcommand to a multi command"
" that is in chain mode. This is not supported."
)
raise RuntimeError(
f"{hint}. Command {base_command.name!r} is set to chain and"
f" {cmd_name!r} was added as a subcommand but it in itself is a"
f" multi command. ({cmd_name!r} is a {type(cmd).__name__}"
f" within a chained {type(base_command).__name__} named"
f" {base_command.name!r})."
)
def batch(iterable: t.Iterable[V], batch_size: int) -> t.List[t.Tuple[V, ...]]:
return list(zip(*repeat(iter(iterable), batch_size)))
@contextmanager
def augment_usage_errors(
ctx: "Context", param: t.Optional["Parameter"] = None
) -> t.Iterator[None]:
"""Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions."""
try:
yield
except BadParameter as e:
if e.ctx is None:
e.ctx = ctx
if param is not None and e.param is None:
e.param = param
raise
except UsageError as e:
if e.ctx is None:
e.ctx = ctx
raise
def iter_params_for_processing(
invocation_order: t.Sequence["Parameter"],
declaration_order: t.Sequence["Parameter"],
) -> t.List["Parameter"]:
"""Given a sequence of parameters in the order as should be considered
for processing and an iterable of parameters that exist, this returns
a list in the correct order as they should be processed.
"""
def sort_key(item: "Parameter") -> t.Tuple[bool, float]:
try:
idx: float = invocation_order.index(item)
except ValueError:
idx = float("inf")
return not item.is_eager, idx
return sorted(declaration_order, key=sort_key)
class ParameterSource(enum.Enum):
"""This is an :class:`~enum.Enum` that indicates the source of a
parameter's value.
Use :meth:`click.Context.get_parameter_source` to get the
source for a parameter by name.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Use :class:`~enum.Enum` and drop the ``validate`` method.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the ``PROMPT`` value.
"""
COMMANDLINE = enum.auto()
"""The value was provided by the command line args."""
ENVIRONMENT = enum.auto()
"""The value was provided with an environment variable."""
DEFAULT = enum.auto()
"""Used the default specified by the parameter."""
DEFAULT_MAP = enum.auto()
"""Used a default provided by :attr:`Context.default_map`."""
PROMPT = enum.auto()
"""Used a prompt to confirm a default or provide a value."""
class Context:
"""The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant
for the script execution at every single level. It's normally invisible
to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it.
The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can
control special execution features such as reading data from
environment variables.
A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call
:meth:`close` on teardown.
:param command: the command class for this context.
:param parent: the parent context.
:param info_name: the info name for this invocation. Generally this
is the most descriptive name for the script or
command. For the toplevel script it is usually
the name of the script, for commands below it it's
the name of the script.
:param obj: an arbitrary object of user data.
:param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment
variables. If this is `None` then reading
from environment variables is disabled. This
does not affect manually set environment
variables which are always read.
:param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values
for parameters.
:param terminal_width: the width of the terminal. The default is
inherit from parent context. If no context
defines the terminal width then auto
detection will be applied.
:param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by
Click (this currently only affects help
pages). This defaults to 80 characters if
not overridden. In other words: even if the
terminal is larger than that, Click will not
format things wider than 80 characters by
default. In addition to that, formatters might
add some safety mapping on the right.
:param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will
parse without any interactivity or callback
invocation. Default values will also be
ignored. This is useful for implementing
things such as completion support.
:param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments
at the end will not raise an error and will be
kept on the context. The default is to inherit
from the command.
:param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options
and arguments cannot be mixed. The
default is to inherit from the command.
:param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does
not know and keeps them for later
processing.
:param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how
the default help parameter is named. The
default is ``['--help']``.
:param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to
normalize tokens (options, choices,
etc.). This for instance can be used to
implement case insensitive behavior.
:param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The
default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI
codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by
default not the case. This for instance would affect
help output.
:param show_default: Show the default value for commands. If this
value is not set, it defaults to the value from the parent
context. ``Command.show_default`` overrides this default for the
specific command.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
The ``show_default`` parameter is overridden by
``Command.show_default``, instead of the other way around.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
The ``show_default`` parameter defaults to the value from the
parent context.
.. versionchanged:: 7.1
Added the ``show_default`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Added the ``color``, ``ignore_unknown_options``, and
``max_content_width`` parameters.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the ``allow_extra_args`` and ``allow_interspersed_args``
parameters.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the ``resilient_parsing``, ``help_option_names``, and
``token_normalize_func`` parameters.
"""
#: The formatter class to create with :meth:`make_formatter`.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 8.0
formatter_class: t.Type["HelpFormatter"] = HelpFormatter
def __init__(
self,
command: "Command",
parent: t.Optional["Context"] = None,
info_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
obj: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
auto_envvar_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
default_map: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
terminal_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
max_content_width: t.Optional[int] = None,
resilient_parsing: bool = False,
allow_extra_args: t.Optional[bool] = None,
allow_interspersed_args: t.Optional[bool] = None,
ignore_unknown_options: t.Optional[bool] = None,
help_option_names: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None,
token_normalize_func: t.Optional[t.Callable[[str], str]] = None,
color: t.Optional[bool] = None,
show_default: t.Optional[bool] = None,
) -> None:
#: the parent context or `None` if none exists.
self.parent = parent
#: the :class:`Command` for this context.
self.command = command
#: the descriptive information name
self.info_name = info_name
#: Map of parameter names to their parsed values. Parameters
#: with ``expose_value=False`` are not stored.
self.params: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
#: the leftover arguments.
self.args: t.List[str] = []
#: protected arguments. These are arguments that are prepended
#: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but
#: must be never propagated to another arguments. This is used
#: to implement nested parsing.
self.protected_args: t.List[str] = []
#: the collected prefixes of the command's options.
self._opt_prefixes: t.Set[str] = set(parent._opt_prefixes) if parent else set()
if obj is None and parent is not None:
obj = parent.obj
#: the user object stored.
self.obj: t.Any = obj
self._meta: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = getattr(parent, "meta", {})
#: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters.
if (
default_map is None
and info_name is not None
and parent is not None
and parent.default_map is not None
):
default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name)
self.default_map: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = default_map
#: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A
#: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's
#: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes
#: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be
#: the name of the subcommand to execute.
#:
#: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case
#: any commands are executed. It is however not possible to
#: figure out which ones. If you require this knowledge you
#: should use a :func:`result_callback`.
self.invoked_subcommand: t.Optional[str] = None
if terminal_width is None and parent is not None:
terminal_width = parent.terminal_width
#: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection).
self.terminal_width: t.Optional[int] = terminal_width
if max_content_width is None and parent is not None:
max_content_width = parent.max_content_width
#: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible
#: default which is 80 for most things).
self.max_content_width: t.Optional[int] = max_content_width
if allow_extra_args is None:
allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args
#: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should
#: fail on parsing.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 3.0
self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args
if allow_interspersed_args is None:
allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args
#: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and
#: options or not.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 3.0
self.allow_interspersed_args: bool = allow_interspersed_args
if ignore_unknown_options is None:
ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options
#: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not
#: understand and will store it on the context for later
#: processing. This is primarily useful for situations where you
#: want to call into external programs. Generally this pattern is
#: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly
#: forward all arguments.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 4.0
self.ignore_unknown_options: bool = ignore_unknown_options
if help_option_names is None:
if parent is not None:
help_option_names = parent.help_option_names
else:
help_option_names = ["--help"]
#: The names for the help options.
self.help_option_names: t.List[str] = help_option_names
if token_normalize_func is None and parent is not None:
token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func
#: An optional normalization function for tokens. This is
#: options, choices, commands etc.
self.token_normalize_func: t.Optional[
t.Callable[[str], str]
] = token_normalize_func
#: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled. In that case Click
#: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values
#: will be ignored. Useful for completion.
self.resilient_parsing: bool = resilient_parsing
# If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and
# the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar
# prefix automatically.
if auto_envvar_prefix is None:
if (
parent is not None
and parent.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
and self.info_name is not None
):
auto_envvar_prefix = (
f"{parent.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.info_name.upper()}"
)
else:
auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper()
if auto_envvar_prefix is not None:
auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.replace("-", "_")
self.auto_envvar_prefix: t.Optional[str] = auto_envvar_prefix
if color is None and parent is not None:
color = parent.color
#: Controls if styling output is wanted or not.
self.color: t.Optional[bool] = color
if show_default is None and parent is not None:
show_default = parent.show_default
#: Show option default values when formatting help text.
self.show_default: t.Optional[bool] = show_default
self._close_callbacks: t.List[t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = []
self._depth = 0
self._parameter_source: t.Dict[str, ParameterSource] = {}
self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
"""Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire CLI
structure.
.. code-block:: python
with Context(cli) as ctx:
info = ctx.to_info_dict()
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
return {
"command": self.command.to_info_dict(self),
"info_name": self.info_name,
"allow_extra_args": self.allow_extra_args,
"allow_interspersed_args": self.allow_interspersed_args,
"ignore_unknown_options": self.ignore_unknown_options,
"auto_envvar_prefix": self.auto_envvar_prefix,
}
def __enter__(self) -> "Context":
self._depth += 1
push_context(self)
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): # type: ignore
self._depth -= 1
if self._depth == 0:
self.close()
pop_context()
@contextmanager
def scope(self, cleanup: bool = True) -> t.Iterator["Context"]:
"""This helper method can be used with the context object to promote
it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`).
The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which
can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`. The cleanup
functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles.
If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly
used as a context manager.
Example usage::
with ctx.scope():
assert get_current_context() is ctx
This is equivalent::
with ctx:
assert get_current_context() is ctx
.. versionadded:: 5.0
:param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or
not. The default is to run these functions. In
some situations the context only wants to be
temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled.
Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup.
"""
if not cleanup:
self._depth += 1
try:
with self as rv:
yield rv
finally:
if not cleanup:
self._depth -= 1
@property
def meta(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
"""This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts
that are nested. It exists so that click utilities can store some
state here if they need to. It is however the responsibility of
that code to manage this dictionary well.
The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings. For instance
module paths are a good choice for it. What is stored in there is
irrelevant for the operation of click. However what is important is
that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of
the system.
Example usage::
LANG_KEY = f'{__name__}.lang'
def set_language(value):
ctx = get_current_context()
ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value
def get_language():
return get_current_context().meta.get(LANG_KEY, 'en_US')
.. versionadded:: 5.0
"""
return self._meta
def make_formatter(self) -> HelpFormatter:
"""Creates the :class:`~click.HelpFormatter` for the help and
usage output.
To quickly customize the formatter class used without overriding
this method, set the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`formatter_class` attribute.
"""
return self.formatter_class(
width=self.terminal_width, max_width=self.max_content_width
)
def with_resource(self, context_manager: t.ContextManager[V]) -> V:
"""Register a resource as if it were used in a ``with``
statement. The resource will be cleaned up when the context is
popped.
Uses :meth:`contextlib.ExitStack.enter_context`. It calls the
resource's ``__enter__()`` method and returns the result. When
the context is popped, it closes the stack, which calls the
resource's ``__exit__()`` method.
To register a cleanup function for something that isn't a
context manager, use :meth:`call_on_close`. Or use something
from :mod:`contextlib` to turn it into a context manager first.
.. code-block:: python
@click.group()
@click.option("--name")
@click.pass_context
def cli(ctx):
ctx.obj = ctx.with_resource(connect_db(name))
:param context_manager: The context manager to enter.
:return: Whatever ``context_manager.__enter__()`` returns.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
return self._exit_stack.enter_context(context_manager)
def call_on_close(self, f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> t.Callable[..., t.Any]:
"""Register a function to be called when the context tears down.
This can be used to close resources opened during the script
execution. Resources that support Python's context manager
protocol which would be used in a ``with`` statement should be
registered with :meth:`with_resource` instead.
:param f: The function to execute on teardown.
"""
return self._exit_stack.callback(f)
def close(self) -> None:
"""Invoke all close callbacks registered with
:meth:`call_on_close`, and exit all context managers entered
with :meth:`with_resource`.
"""
self._exit_stack.close()
# In case the context is reused, create a new exit stack.
self._exit_stack = ExitStack()
@property
def command_path(self) -> str:
"""The computed command path. This is used for the ``usage``
information on the help page. It's automatically created by
combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root.
"""
rv = ""
if self.info_name is not None:
rv = self.info_name
if self.parent is not None:
parent_command_path = [self.parent.command_path]
if isinstance(self.parent.command, Command):
for param in self.parent.command.get_params(self):
parent_command_path.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(self))
rv = f"{' '.join(parent_command_path)} {rv}"
return rv.lstrip()
def find_root(self) -> "Context":
"""Finds the outermost context."""
node = self
while node.parent is not None:
node = node.parent
return node
def find_object(self, object_type: t.Type[V]) -> t.Optional[V]:
"""Finds the closest object of a given type."""
node: t.Optional["Context"] = self
while node is not None:
if isinstance(node.obj, object_type):
return node.obj
node = node.parent
return None
def ensure_object(self, object_type: t.Type[V]) -> V:
"""Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a
new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist.
"""
rv = self.find_object(object_type)
if rv is None:
self.obj = rv = object_type()
return rv
@t.overload
def lookup_default(
self, name: str, call: "te.Literal[True]" = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
...
@t.overload
def lookup_default(
self, name: str, call: "te.Literal[False]" = ...
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
...
def lookup_default(self, name: str, call: bool = True) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
"""Get the default for a parameter from :attr:`default_map`.
:param name: Name of the parameter.
:param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
return the callable instead.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the ``call`` parameter.
"""
if self.default_map is not None:
value = self.default_map.get(name)
if call and callable(value):
return value()
return value
return None
def fail(self, message: str) -> "te.NoReturn":
"""Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error
message.
:param message: the error message to fail with.
"""
raise UsageError(message, self)
def abort(self) -> "te.NoReturn":
"""Aborts the script."""
raise Abort()
def exit(self, code: int = 0) -> "te.NoReturn":
"""Exits the application with a given exit code."""
raise Exit(code)
def get_usage(self) -> str:
"""Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current
context and command.
"""
return self.command.get_usage(self)
def get_help(self) -> str:
"""Helper method to get formatted help page for the current
context and command.
"""
return self.command.get_help(self)
def _make_sub_context(self, command: "Command") -> "Context":
"""Create a new context of the same type as this context, but
for a new command.
:meta private:
"""
return type(self)(command, info_name=command.name, parent=self)
def invoke(
__self, # noqa: B902
__callback: t.Union["Command", t.Callable[..., t.Any]],
*args: t.Any,
**kwargs: t.Any,
) -> t.Any:
"""Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects. There
are two ways to invoke this method:
1. the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and
keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function.
2. the first argument is a click command object. In that case all
arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters
(options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click
will fill in defaults.
Note that before Click 3.2 keyword arguments were not properly filled
in against the intention of this code and no context was created. For
more information about this change and why it was done in a bugfix
release see :ref:`upgrade-to-3.2`.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
passed if :meth:`forward` is called at multiple levels.
"""
if isinstance(__callback, Command):
other_cmd = __callback
if other_cmd.callback is None:
raise TypeError(
"The given command does not have a callback that can be invoked."
)
else:
__callback = other_cmd.callback
ctx = __self._make_sub_context(other_cmd)
for param in other_cmd.params:
if param.name not in kwargs and param.expose_value:
kwargs[param.name] = param.type_cast_value( # type: ignore
ctx, param.get_default(ctx)
)
# Track all kwargs as params, so that forward() will pass
# them on in subsequent calls.
ctx.params.update(kwargs)
else:
ctx = __self
with augment_usage_errors(__self):
with ctx:
return __callback(*args, **kwargs)
def forward(
__self, __cmd: "Command", *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any # noqa: B902
) -> t.Any:
"""Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword
arguments from the current context if the other command expects
it. This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
All ``kwargs`` are tracked in :attr:`params` so they will be
passed if ``forward`` is called at multiple levels.
"""
# Can only forward to other commands, not direct callbacks.
if not isinstance(__cmd, Command):
raise TypeError("Callback is not a command.")
for param in __self.params:
if param not in kwargs:
kwargs[param] = __self.params[param]
return __self.invoke(__cmd, *args, **kwargs)
def set_parameter_source(self, name: str, source: ParameterSource) -> None:
"""Set the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
:param name: The name of the parameter.
:param source: A member of :class:`~click.core.ParameterSource`.
"""
self._parameter_source[name] = source
def get_parameter_source(self, name: str) -> t.Optional[ParameterSource]:
"""Get the source of a parameter. This indicates the location
from which the value of the parameter was obtained.
This can be useful for determining when a user specified a value
on the command line that is the same as the default value. It
will be :attr:`~click.core.ParameterSource.DEFAULT` only if the
value was actually taken from the default.
:param name: The name of the parameter.
:rtype: ParameterSource
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Returns ``None`` if the parameter was not provided from any
source.
"""
return self._parameter_source.get(name)
class BaseCommand:
"""The base command implements the minimal API contract of commands.
Most code will never use this as it does not implement a lot of useful
functionality but it can act as the direct subclass of alternative
parsing methods that do not depend on the Click parser.
For instance, this can be used to bridge Click and other systems like
argparse or docopt.
Because base commands do not implement a lot of the API that other
parts of Click take for granted, they are not supported for all
operations. For instance, they cannot be used with the decorators
usually and they have no built-in callback system.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the `context_settings` parameter.
:param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
:param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
passed to the context object.
"""
#: The context class to create with :meth:`make_context`.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 8.0
context_class: t.Type[Context] = Context
#: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag.
allow_extra_args = False
#: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag.
allow_interspersed_args = True
#: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag.
ignore_unknown_options = False
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str],
context_settings: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
) -> None:
#: the name the command thinks it has. Upon registering a command
#: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name
#: with this information. You should instead use the
#: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute.
self.name = name
if context_settings is None:
context_settings = {}
#: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context.
self.context_settings: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = context_settings
def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
"""Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
user-facing documentation. This traverses the entire structure
below this command.
Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
CLI structure.
:param ctx: A :class:`Context` representing this command.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
return {"name": self.name}
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
raise NotImplementedError("Base commands cannot get usage")
def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
raise NotImplementedError("Base commands cannot get help")
def make_context(
self,
info_name: t.Optional[str],
args: t.List[str],
parent: t.Optional[Context] = None,
**extra: t.Any,
) -> Context:
"""This function when given an info name and arguments will kick
off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`. It does not
invoke the actual command callback though.
To quickly customize the context class used without overriding
this method, set the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
:param info_name: the info name for this invocation. Generally this
is the most descriptive name for the script or
command. For the toplevel script it's usually
the name of the script, for commands below it it's
the name of the command.
:param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings.
:param parent: the parent context if available.
:param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context
constructor.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`context_class` attribute.
"""
for key, value in self.context_settings.items():
if key not in extra:
extra[key] = value
ctx = self.context_class(
self, info_name=info_name, parent=parent, **extra # type: ignore
)
with ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
self.parse_args(ctx, args)
return ctx
def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]:
"""Given a context and a list of arguments this creates the parser
and parses the arguments, then modifies the context as necessary.
This is automatically invoked by :meth:`make_context`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("Base commands do not know how to parse arguments.")
def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
"""Given a context, this invokes the command. The default
implementation is raising a not implemented error.
"""
raise NotImplementedError("Base commands are not invokable by default")
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
"""Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
at the names of chained multi-commands.
Any command could be part of a chained multi-command, so sibling
commands are valid at any point during command completion. Other
command classes will return more completions.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results: t.List["CompletionItem"] = []
while ctx.parent is not None:
ctx = ctx.parent
if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand) and ctx.command.chain:
results.extend(
CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
if name not in ctx.protected_args
)
return results
@t.overload
def main(
self,
args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
standalone_mode: "te.Literal[True]" = True,
**extra: t.Any,
) -> "te.NoReturn":
...
@t.overload
def main(
self,
args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
standalone_mode: bool = ...,
**extra: t.Any,
) -> t.Any:
...
def main(
self,
args: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
prog_name: t.Optional[str] = None,
complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
standalone_mode: bool = True,
windows_expand_args: bool = True,
**extra: t.Any,
) -> t.Any:
"""This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and
whistles as a command line application. This will always terminate
the application after a call. If this is not wanted, ``SystemExit``
needs to be caught.
This method is also available by directly calling the instance of
a :class:`Command`.
:param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing. If not
provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used.
:param prog_name: the program name that should be used. By default
the program name is constructed by taking the file
name from ``sys.argv[0]``.
:param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the
bash completion support. The default is
``"_<prog_name>_COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in
uppercase.
:param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script
in standalone mode. Click will then
handle exceptions and convert them into
error messages and the function will never
return but shut down the interpreter. If
this is set to `False` they will be
propagated to the caller and the return
value of this function is the return value
of :meth:`invoke`.
:param windows_expand_args: Expand glob patterns, user dir, and
env vars in command line args on Windows.
:param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context
constructor. See :class:`Context` for more information.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
Added the ``windows_expand_args`` parameter to allow
disabling command line arg expansion on Windows.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
When taking arguments from ``sys.argv`` on Windows, glob
patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded.
.. versionchanged:: 3.0
Added the ``standalone_mode`` parameter.
"""
if args is None:
args = sys.argv[1:]
if os.name == "nt" and windows_expand_args:
args = _expand_args(args)
else:
args = list(args)
if prog_name is None:
prog_name = _detect_program_name()
# Process shell completion requests and exit early.
self._main_shell_completion(extra, prog_name, complete_var)
try:
try:
with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx:
rv = self.invoke(ctx)
if not standalone_mode:
return rv
# it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here!
# note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which
# has obvious effects
# more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of
# chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not
# even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure
# by its truthiness/falsiness
ctx.exit()
except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt):
echo(file=sys.stderr)
raise Abort() from None
except ClickException as e:
if not standalone_mode:
raise
e.show()
sys.exit(e.exit_code)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno == errno.EPIPE:
sys.stdout = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout))
sys.stderr = t.cast(t.TextIO, PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr))
sys.exit(1)
else:
raise
except Exit as e:
if standalone_mode:
sys.exit(e.exit_code)
else:
# in non-standalone mode, return the exit code
# note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises
# an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which
# would return its result
# the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be
# somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to
# `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to
# tell the difference between the two
return e.exit_code
except Abort:
if not standalone_mode:
raise
echo(_("Aborted!"), file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(1)
def _main_shell_completion(
self,
ctx_args: t.Dict[str, t.Any],
prog_name: str,
complete_var: t.Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
"""Check if the shell is asking for tab completion, process
that, then exit early. Called from :meth:`main` before the
program is invoked.
:param prog_name: Name of the executable in the shell.
:param complete_var: Name of the environment variable that holds
the completion instruction. Defaults to
``_{PROG_NAME}_COMPLETE``.
"""
if complete_var is None:
complete_var = f"_{prog_name}_COMPLETE".replace("-", "_").upper()
instruction = os.environ.get(complete_var)
if not instruction:
return
from .shell_completion import shell_complete
rv = shell_complete(self, ctx_args, prog_name, complete_var, instruction)
sys.exit(rv)
def __call__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Alias for :meth:`main`."""
return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
class Command(BaseCommand):
"""Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in
Click. A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch
more parsing to commands nested below it.
:param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it.
:param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are
passed to the context object.
:param callback: the callback to invoke. This is optional.
:param params: the parameters to register with this command. This can
be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects.
:param help: the help string to use for this command.
:param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the
help page after everything else.
:param short_help: the short help to use for this command. This is
shown on the command listing of the parent command.
:param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help``
option. This can be disabled by this parameter.
:param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
provided. This option is disabled by default.
If enabled this will add ``--help`` as argument
if no arguments are passed
:param hidden: hide this command from help outputs.
:param deprecated: issues a message indicating that
the command is deprecated.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
``help``, ``epilog``, and ``short_help`` are stored unprocessed,
all formatting is done when outputting help text, not at init,
and is done even if not using the ``@command`` decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added a ``repr`` showing the command name.
.. versionchanged:: 7.1
Added the ``no_args_is_help`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Added the ``context_settings`` parameter.
"""
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str],
context_settings: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None,
callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
params: t.Optional[t.List["Parameter"]] = None,
help: t.Optional[str] = None,
epilog: t.Optional[str] = None,
short_help: t.Optional[str] = None,
options_metavar: t.Optional[str] = "[OPTIONS]",
add_help_option: bool = True,
no_args_is_help: bool = False,
hidden: bool = False,
deprecated: bool = False,
) -> None:
super().__init__(name, context_settings)
#: the callback to execute when the command fires. This might be
#: `None` in which case nothing happens.
self.callback = callback
#: the list of parameters for this command in the order they
#: should show up in the help page and execute. Eager parameters
#: will automatically be handled before non eager ones.
self.params: t.List["Parameter"] = params or []
self.help = help
self.epilog = epilog
self.options_metavar = options_metavar
self.short_help = short_help
self.add_help_option = add_help_option
self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
self.hidden = hidden
self.deprecated = deprecated
def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
info_dict.update(
params=[param.to_info_dict() for param in self.get_params(ctx)],
help=self.help,
epilog=self.epilog,
short_help=self.short_help,
hidden=self.hidden,
deprecated=self.deprecated,
)
return info_dict
def get_usage(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
"""Formats the usage line into a string and returns it.
Calls :meth:`format_usage` internally.
"""
formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
def get_params(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List["Parameter"]:
rv = self.params
help_option = self.get_help_option(ctx)
if help_option is not None:
rv = [*rv, help_option]
return rv
def format_usage(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
"""Writes the usage line into the formatter.
This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_usage`.
"""
pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, " ".join(pieces))
def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
"""Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns
it as a list of strings.
"""
rv = [self.options_metavar] if self.options_metavar else []
for param in self.get_params(ctx):
rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx))
return rv
def get_help_option_names(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
"""Returns the names for the help option."""
all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names)
for param in self.params:
all_names.difference_update(param.opts)
all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts)
return list(all_names)
def get_help_option(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional["Option"]:
"""Returns the help option object."""
help_options = self.get_help_option_names(ctx)
if not help_options or not self.add_help_option:
return None
def show_help(ctx: Context, param: "Parameter", value: str) -> None:
if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
return Option(
help_options,
is_flag=True,
is_eager=True,
expose_value=False,
callback=show_help,
help=_("Show this message and exit."),
)
def make_parser(self, ctx: Context) -> OptionParser:
"""Creates the underlying option parser for this command."""
parser = OptionParser(ctx)
for param in self.get_params(ctx):
param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx)
return parser
def get_help(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
"""Formats the help into a string and returns it.
Calls :meth:`format_help` internally.
"""
formatter = ctx.make_formatter()
self.format_help(ctx, formatter)
return formatter.getvalue().rstrip("\n")
def get_short_help_str(self, limit: int = 45) -> str:
"""Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the
long help string.
"""
if self.short_help:
text = inspect.cleandoc(self.short_help)
elif self.help:
text = make_default_short_help(self.help, limit)
else:
text = ""
if self.deprecated:
text = _("(Deprecated) {text}").format(text=text)
return text.strip()
def format_help(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
"""Writes the help into the formatter if it exists.
This is a low-level method called by :meth:`get_help`.
This calls the following methods:
- :meth:`format_usage`
- :meth:`format_help_text`
- :meth:`format_options`
- :meth:`format_epilog`
"""
self.format_usage(ctx, formatter)
self.format_help_text(ctx, formatter)
self.format_options(ctx, formatter)
self.format_epilog(ctx, formatter)
def format_help_text(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
"""Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists."""
text = self.help if self.help is not None else ""
if self.deprecated:
text = _("(Deprecated) {text}").format(text=text)
if text:
text = inspect.cleandoc(text).partition("\f")[0]
formatter.write_paragraph()
with formatter.indentation():
formatter.write_text(text)
def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
"""Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist."""
opts = []
for param in self.get_params(ctx):
rv = param.get_help_record(ctx)
if rv is not None:
opts.append(rv)
if opts:
with formatter.section(_("Options")):
formatter.write_dl(opts)
def format_epilog(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
"""Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists."""
if self.epilog:
epilog = inspect.cleandoc(self.epilog)
formatter.write_paragraph()
with formatter.indentation():
formatter.write_text(epilog)
def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]:
if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
parser = self.make_parser(ctx)
opts, args, param_order = parser.parse_args(args=args)
for param in iter_params_for_processing(param_order, self.get_params(ctx)):
value, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args)
if args and not ctx.allow_extra_args and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
ctx.fail(
ngettext(
"Got unexpected extra argument ({args})",
"Got unexpected extra arguments ({args})",
len(args),
).format(args=" ".join(map(str, args)))
)
ctx.args = args
ctx._opt_prefixes.update(parser._opt_prefixes)
return args
def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
"""Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists)
in the right way.
"""
if self.deprecated:
message = _(
"DeprecationWarning: The command {name!r} is deprecated."
).format(name=self.name)
echo(style(message, fg="red"), err=True)
if self.callback is not None:
return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
"""Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
at the names of options and chained multi-commands.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results: t.List["CompletionItem"] = []
if incomplete and not incomplete[0].isalnum():
for param in self.get_params(ctx):
if (
not isinstance(param, Option)
or param.hidden
or (
not param.multiple
and ctx.get_parameter_source(param.name) # type: ignore
is ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
)
):
continue
results.extend(
CompletionItem(name, help=param.help)
for name in [*param.opts, *param.secondary_opts]
if name.startswith(incomplete)
)
results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
return results
class MultiCommand(Command):
"""A multi command is the basic implementation of a command that
dispatches to subcommands. The most common version is the
:class:`Group`.
:param invoke_without_command: this controls how the multi command itself
is invoked. By default it's only invoked
if a subcommand is provided.
:param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are
provided. This option is enabled by default if
`invoke_without_command` is disabled or disabled
if it's enabled. If enabled this will add
``--help`` as argument if no arguments are
passed.
:param subcommand_metavar: the string that is used in the documentation
to indicate the subcommand place.
:param chain: if this is set to `True` chaining of multiple subcommands
is enabled. This restricts the form of commands in that
they cannot have optional arguments but it allows
multiple commands to be chained together.
:param result_callback: The result callback to attach to this multi
command. This can be set or changed later with the
:meth:`result_callback` decorator.
"""
allow_extra_args = True
allow_interspersed_args = False
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str] = None,
invoke_without_command: bool = False,
no_args_is_help: t.Optional[bool] = None,
subcommand_metavar: t.Optional[str] = None,
chain: bool = False,
result_callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[..., t.Any]] = None,
**attrs: t.Any,
) -> None:
super().__init__(name, **attrs)
if no_args_is_help is None:
no_args_is_help = not invoke_without_command
self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help
self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command
if subcommand_metavar is None:
if chain:
subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]..."
else:
subcommand_metavar = "COMMAND [ARGS]..."
self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar
self.chain = chain
# The result callback that is stored. This can be set or
# overridden with the :func:`result_callback` decorator.
self._result_callback = result_callback
if self.chain:
for param in self.params:
if isinstance(param, Argument) and not param.required:
raise RuntimeError(
"Multi commands in chain mode cannot have"
" optional arguments."
)
def to_info_dict(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
info_dict = super().to_info_dict(ctx)
commands = {}
for name in self.list_commands(ctx):
command = self.get_command(ctx, name)
if command is None:
continue
sub_ctx = ctx._make_sub_context(command)
with sub_ctx.scope(cleanup=False):
commands[name] = command.to_info_dict(sub_ctx)
info_dict.update(commands=commands, chain=self.chain)
return info_dict
def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
rv = super().collect_usage_pieces(ctx)
rv.append(self.subcommand_metavar)
return rv
def format_options(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
super().format_options(ctx, formatter)
self.format_commands(ctx, formatter)
def result_callback(self, replace: bool = False) -> t.Callable[[F], F]:
"""Adds a result callback to the command. By default if a
result callback is already registered this will chain them but
this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter. The result
callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand
(or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining
is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed
to the main callback.
Example::
@click.group()
@click.option('-i', '--input', default=23)
def cli(input):
return 42
@cli.result_callback()
def process_result(result, input):
return result + input
:param replace: if set to `True` an already existing result
callback will be removed.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Renamed from ``resultcallback``.
.. versionadded:: 3.0
"""
def decorator(f: F) -> F:
old_callback = self._result_callback
if old_callback is None or replace:
self._result_callback = f
return f
def function(__value, *args, **kwargs): # type: ignore
inner = old_callback(__value, *args, **kwargs) # type: ignore
return f(inner, *args, **kwargs)
self._result_callback = rv = update_wrapper(t.cast(F, function), f)
return rv
return decorator
def format_commands(self, ctx: Context, formatter: HelpFormatter) -> None:
"""Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands
after the options.
"""
commands = []
for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx):
cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand)
# What is this, the tool lied about a command. Ignore it
if cmd is None:
continue
if cmd.hidden:
continue
commands.append((subcommand, cmd))
# allow for 3 times the default spacing
if len(commands):
limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands)
rows = []
for subcommand, cmd in commands:
help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit)
rows.append((subcommand, help))
if rows:
with formatter.section(_("Commands")):
formatter.write_dl(rows)
def parse_args(self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]) -> t.List[str]:
if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color)
ctx.exit()
rest = super().parse_args(ctx, args)
if self.chain:
ctx.protected_args = rest
ctx.args = []
elif rest:
ctx.protected_args, ctx.args = rest[:1], rest[1:]
return ctx.args
def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
def _process_result(value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
if self._result_callback is not None:
value = ctx.invoke(self._result_callback, value, **ctx.params)
return value
if not ctx.protected_args:
if self.invoke_without_command:
# No subcommand was invoked, so the result callback is
# invoked with the group return value for regular
# groups, or an empty list for chained groups.
with ctx:
rv = super().invoke(ctx)
return _process_result([] if self.chain else rv)
ctx.fail(_("Missing command."))
# Fetch args back out
args = [*ctx.protected_args, *ctx.args]
ctx.args = []
ctx.protected_args = []
# If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a
# single command but we also inform the current context about the
# name of the command to invoke.
if not self.chain:
# Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up
# resources until the result processor has worked.
with ctx:
cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
assert cmd is not None
ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name
super().invoke(ctx)
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx)
with sub_ctx:
return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
# In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the
# base command has been invoked. Because at that point we do not
# know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is
# set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed
# but nothing else.
with ctx:
ctx.invoked_subcommand = "*" if args else None
super().invoke(ctx)
# Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a
# chain. In that case the return value to the result processor
# is the list of all invoked subcommand's results.
contexts = []
while args:
cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args)
assert cmd is not None
sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(
cmd_name,
args,
parent=ctx,
allow_extra_args=True,
allow_interspersed_args=False,
)
contexts.append(sub_ctx)
args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, []
rv = []
for sub_ctx in contexts:
with sub_ctx:
rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
return _process_result(rv)
def resolve_command(
self, ctx: Context, args: t.List[str]
) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.Optional[Command], t.List[str]]:
cmd_name = make_str(args[0])
original_cmd_name = cmd_name
# Get the command
cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
# If we can't find the command but there is a normalization
# function available, we try with that one.
if cmd is None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None:
cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name)
cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
# If we don't find the command we want to show an error message
# to the user that it was not provided. However, there is
# something else we should do: if the first argument looks like
# an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to
# resolve things like --help which now should go to the main
# place.
if cmd is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
if split_opt(cmd_name)[0]:
self.parse_args(ctx, ctx.args)
ctx.fail(_("No such command {name!r}.").format(name=original_cmd_name))
return cmd_name if cmd else None, cmd, args[1:]
def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]:
"""Given a context and a command name, this returns a
:class:`Command` object if it exists or returns `None`.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
"""Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should
appear.
"""
return []
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
"""Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. Looks
at the names of options, subcommands, and chained
multi-commands.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results = [
CompletionItem(name, help=command.get_short_help_str())
for name, command in _complete_visible_commands(ctx, incomplete)
]
results.extend(super().shell_complete(ctx, incomplete))
return results
class Group(MultiCommand):
"""A group allows a command to have subcommands attached. This is
the most common way to implement nesting in Click.
:param name: The name of the group command.
:param commands: A dict mapping names to :class:`Command` objects.
Can also be a list of :class:`Command`, which will use
:attr:`Command.name` to create the dict.
:param attrs: Other command arguments described in
:class:`MultiCommand`, :class:`Command`, and
:class:`BaseCommand`.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
The ``commmands`` argument can be a list of command objects.
"""
#: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`command` decorator
#: as the default :class:`Command` class. This is useful to make all
#: subcommands use a custom command class.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 8.0
command_class: t.Optional[t.Type[Command]] = None
#: If set, this is used by the group's :meth:`group` decorator
#: as the default :class:`Group` class. This is useful to make all
#: subgroups use a custom group class.
#:
#: If set to the special value :class:`type` (literally
#: ``group_class = type``), this group's class will be used as the
#: default class. This makes a custom group class continue to make
#: custom groups.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 8.0
group_class: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Type["Group"], t.Type[type]]] = None
# Literal[type] isn't valid, so use Type[type]
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str] = None,
commands: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Dict[str, Command], t.Sequence[Command]]] = None,
**attrs: t.Any,
) -> None:
super().__init__(name, **attrs)
if commands is None:
commands = {}
elif isinstance(commands, abc.Sequence):
commands = {c.name: c for c in commands if c.name is not None}
#: The registered subcommands by their exported names.
self.commands: t.Dict[str, Command] = commands
def add_command(self, cmd: Command, name: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
"""Registers another :class:`Command` with this group. If the name
is not provided, the name of the command is used.
"""
name = name or cmd.name
if name is None:
raise TypeError("Command has no name.")
_check_multicommand(self, name, cmd, register=True)
self.commands[name] = cmd
@t.overload
def command(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command:
...
@t.overload
def command(
self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command]:
...
def command(
self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], Command], Command]:
"""A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to
the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` and
immediately registers the created command with this group by
calling :meth:`add_command`.
To customize the command class used, set the
:attr:`command_class` attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`command_class` attribute.
"""
from .decorators import command
if self.command_class and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
kwargs["cls"] = self.command_class
func: t.Optional[t.Callable] = None
if args and callable(args[0]):
assert (
len(args) == 1 and not kwargs
), "Use 'command(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
(func,) = args
args = ()
def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> Command:
cmd: Command = command(*args, **kwargs)(f)
self.add_command(cmd)
return cmd
if func is not None:
return decorator(func)
return decorator
@t.overload
def group(self, __func: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> "Group":
...
@t.overload
def group(
self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], "Group"]:
...
def group(
self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Union[t.Callable[[t.Callable[..., t.Any]], "Group"], "Group"]:
"""A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to
the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` and
immediately registers the created group with this group by
calling :meth:`add_command`.
To customize the group class used, set the :attr:`group_class`
attribute.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1
This decorator can be applied without parentheses.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the :attr:`group_class` attribute.
"""
from .decorators import group
func: t.Optional[t.Callable] = None
if args and callable(args[0]):
assert (
len(args) == 1 and not kwargs
), "Use 'group(**kwargs)(callable)' to provide arguments."
(func,) = args
args = ()
if self.group_class is not None and kwargs.get("cls") is None:
if self.group_class is type:
kwargs["cls"] = type(self)
else:
kwargs["cls"] = self.group_class
def decorator(f: t.Callable[..., t.Any]) -> "Group":
cmd: Group = group(*args, **kwargs)(f)
self.add_command(cmd)
return cmd
if func is not None:
return decorator(func)
return decorator
def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]:
return self.commands.get(cmd_name)
def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
return sorted(self.commands)
class CommandCollection(MultiCommand):
"""A command collection is a multi command that merges multiple multi
commands together into one. This is a straightforward implementation
that accepts a list of different multi commands as sources and
provides all the commands for each of them.
"""
def __init__(
self,
name: t.Optional[str] = None,
sources: t.Optional[t.List[MultiCommand]] = None,
**attrs: t.Any,
) -> None:
super().__init__(name, **attrs)
#: The list of registered multi commands.
self.sources: t.List[MultiCommand] = sources or []
def add_source(self, multi_cmd: MultiCommand) -> None:
"""Adds a new multi command to the chain dispatcher."""
self.sources.append(multi_cmd)
def get_command(self, ctx: Context, cmd_name: str) -> t.Optional[Command]:
for source in self.sources:
rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name)
if rv is not None:
if self.chain:
_check_multicommand(self, cmd_name, rv)
return rv
return None
def list_commands(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
rv: t.Set[str] = set()
for source in self.sources:
rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx))
return sorted(rv)
def _check_iter(value: t.Any) -> t.Iterator[t.Any]:
"""Check if the value is iterable but not a string. Raises a type
error, or return an iterator over the value.
"""
if isinstance(value, str):
raise TypeError
return iter(value)
class Parameter:
r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either
:class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s. Other subclasses are currently
not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are
intentionally not finalized.
Some settings are supported by both options and arguments.
:param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or
argument. This is a list of flags or argument
names.
:param type: the type that should be used. Either a :class:`ParamType`
or a Python type. The later is converted into the former
automatically if supported.
:param required: controls if this is optional or not.
:param default: the default value if omitted. This can also be a callable,
in which case it's invoked when the default is needed
without any arguments.
:param callback: A function to further process or validate the value
after type conversion. It is called as ``f(ctx, param, value)``
and must return the value. It is called for all sources,
including prompts.
:param nargs: the number of arguments to match. If not ``1`` the return
value is a tuple instead of single value. The default for
nargs is ``1`` (except if the type is a tuple, then it's
the arity of the tuple). If ``nargs=-1``, all remaining
parameters are collected.
:param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page.
:param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards
to the command callback and stored on the context,
otherwise it's skipped.
:param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones. This
should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the
order of processing.
:param envvar: a string or list of strings that are environment variables
that should be checked.
:param shell_complete: A function that returns custom shell
completions. Used instead of the param's type completion if
given. Takes ``ctx, param, incomplete`` and must return a list
of :class:`~click.shell_completion.CompletionItem` or a list of
strings.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
``process_value`` validates required parameters and bounded
``nargs``, and invokes the parameter callback before returning
the value. This allows the callback to validate prompts.
``full_process_value`` is removed.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
``autocompletion`` is renamed to ``shell_complete`` and has new
semantics described above. The old name is deprecated and will
be removed in 8.1, until then it will be wrapped to match the
new requirements.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
For ``multiple=True, nargs>1``, the default must be a list of
tuples.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Setting a default is no longer required for ``nargs>1``, it will
default to ``None``. ``multiple=True`` or ``nargs=-1`` will
default to ``()``.
.. versionchanged:: 7.1
Empty environment variables are ignored rather than taking the
empty string value. This makes it possible for scripts to clear
variables if they can't unset them.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0
Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the
parameter. The old callback format will still work, but it will
raise a warning to give you a chance to migrate the code easier.
"""
param_type_name = "parameter"
def __init__(
self,
param_decls: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
type: t.Optional[t.Union[types.ParamType, t.Any]] = None,
required: bool = False,
default: t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]] = None,
callback: t.Optional[t.Callable[[Context, "Parameter", t.Any], t.Any]] = None,
nargs: t.Optional[int] = None,
multiple: bool = False,
metavar: t.Optional[str] = None,
expose_value: bool = True,
is_eager: bool = False,
envvar: t.Optional[t.Union[str, t.Sequence[str]]] = None,
shell_complete: t.Optional[
t.Callable[
[Context, "Parameter", str],
t.Union[t.List["CompletionItem"], t.List[str]],
]
] = None,
) -> None:
self.name, self.opts, self.secondary_opts = self._parse_decls(
param_decls or (), expose_value
)
self.type = types.convert_type(type, default)
# Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that
# information available.
if nargs is None:
if self.type.is_composite:
nargs = self.type.arity
else:
nargs = 1
self.required = required
self.callback = callback
self.nargs = nargs
self.multiple = multiple
self.expose_value = expose_value
self.default = default
self.is_eager = is_eager
self.metavar = metavar
self.envvar = envvar
self._custom_shell_complete = shell_complete
if __debug__:
if self.type.is_composite and nargs != self.type.arity:
raise ValueError(
f"'nargs' must be {self.type.arity} (or None) for"
f" type {self.type!r}, but it was {nargs}."
)
# Skip no default or callable default.
check_default = default if not callable(default) else None
if check_default is not None:
if multiple:
try:
# Only check the first value against nargs.
check_default = next(_check_iter(check_default), None)
except TypeError:
raise ValueError(
"'default' must be a list when 'multiple' is true."
) from None
# Can be None for multiple with empty default.
if nargs != 1 and check_default is not None:
try:
_check_iter(check_default)
except TypeError:
if multiple:
message = (
"'default' must be a list of lists when 'multiple' is"
" true and 'nargs' != 1."
)
else:
message = "'default' must be a list when 'nargs' != 1."
raise ValueError(message) from None
if nargs > 1 and len(check_default) != nargs:
subject = "item length" if multiple else "length"
raise ValueError(
f"'default' {subject} must match nargs={nargs}."
)
def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
"""Gather information that could be useful for a tool generating
user-facing documentation.
Use :meth:`click.Context.to_info_dict` to traverse the entire
CLI structure.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
return {
"name": self.name,
"param_type_name": self.param_type_name,
"opts": self.opts,
"secondary_opts": self.secondary_opts,
"type": self.type.to_info_dict(),
"required": self.required,
"nargs": self.nargs,
"multiple": self.multiple,
"default": self.default,
"envvar": self.envvar,
}
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self.name}>"
def _parse_decls(
self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]:
raise NotImplementedError()
@property
def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
"""Returns the human readable name of this parameter. This is the
same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments.
"""
return self.name # type: ignore
def make_metavar(self) -> str:
if self.metavar is not None:
return self.metavar
metavar = self.type.get_metavar(self)
if metavar is None:
metavar = self.type.name.upper()
if self.nargs != 1:
metavar += "..."
return metavar
@t.overload
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: "te.Literal[True]" = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
...
@t.overload
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
...
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
"""Get the default for the parameter. Tries
:meth:`Context.lookup_default` first, then the local default.
:param ctx: Current context.
:param call: If the default is a callable, call it. Disable to
return the callable instead.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.2
Type casting is no longer performed when getting a default.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
Type casting can fail in resilient parsing mode. Invalid
defaults will not prevent showing help text.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Looks at ``ctx.default_map`` first.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0
Added the ``call`` parameter.
"""
value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name, call=False) # type: ignore
if value is None:
value = self.default
if call and callable(value):
value = value()
return value
def add_to_parser(self, parser: OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
raise NotImplementedError()
def consume_value(
self, ctx: Context, opts: t.Mapping[str, t.Any]
) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
value = opts.get(self.name) # type: ignore
source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
if value is None:
value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.ENVIRONMENT
if value is None:
value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name) # type: ignore
source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT_MAP
if value is None:
value = self.get_default(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.DEFAULT
return value, source
def type_cast_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
"""Convert and validate a value against the option's
:attr:`type`, :attr:`multiple`, and :attr:`nargs`.
"""
if value is None:
return () if self.multiple or self.nargs == -1 else None
def check_iter(value: t.Any) -> t.Iterator:
try:
return _check_iter(value)
except TypeError:
# This should only happen when passing in args manually,
# the parser should construct an iterable when parsing
# the command line.
raise BadParameter(
_("Value must be an iterable."), ctx=ctx, param=self
) from None
if self.nargs == 1 or self.type.is_composite:
convert: t.Callable[[t.Any], t.Any] = partial(
self.type, param=self, ctx=ctx
)
elif self.nargs == -1:
def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Tuple:
return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in check_iter(value))
else: # nargs > 1
def convert(value: t.Any) -> t.Tuple:
value = tuple(check_iter(value))
if len(value) != self.nargs:
raise BadParameter(
ngettext(
"Takes {nargs} values but 1 was given.",
"Takes {nargs} values but {len} were given.",
len(value),
).format(nargs=self.nargs, len=len(value)),
ctx=ctx,
param=self,
)
return tuple(self.type(x, self, ctx) for x in value)
if self.multiple:
return tuple(convert(x) for x in check_iter(value))
return convert(value)
def value_is_missing(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
if value is None:
return True
if (self.nargs != 1 or self.multiple) and value == ():
return True
return False
def process_value(self, ctx: Context, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
value = self.type_cast_value(ctx, value)
if self.required and self.value_is_missing(value):
raise MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self)
if self.callback is not None:
value = self.callback(ctx, self, value)
return value
def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[str]:
if self.envvar is None:
return None
if isinstance(self.envvar, str):
rv = os.environ.get(self.envvar)
if rv:
return rv
else:
for envvar in self.envvar:
rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
if rv:
return rv
return None
def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
rv: t.Optional[t.Any] = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
if rv is not None and self.nargs != 1:
rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
return rv
def handle_parse_result(
self, ctx: Context, opts: t.Mapping[str, t.Any], args: t.List[str]
) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, t.List[str]]:
with augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=self):
value, source = self.consume_value(ctx, opts)
ctx.set_parameter_source(self.name, source) # type: ignore
try:
value = self.process_value(ctx, value)
except Exception:
if not ctx.resilient_parsing:
raise
value = None
if self.expose_value:
ctx.params[self.name] = value # type: ignore
return value, args
def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, str]]:
pass
def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
return []
def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
"""Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to
indicate which param caused the error.
"""
hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name]
return " / ".join(f"'{x}'" for x in hint_list)
def shell_complete(self, ctx: Context, incomplete: str) -> t.List["CompletionItem"]:
"""Return a list of completions for the incomplete value. If a
``shell_complete`` function was given during init, it is used.
Otherwise, the :attr:`type`
:meth:`~click.types.ParamType.shell_complete` function is used.
:param ctx: Invocation context for this command.
:param incomplete: Value being completed. May be empty.
.. versionadded:: 8.0
"""
if self._custom_shell_complete is not None:
results = self._custom_shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
if results and isinstance(results[0], str):
from click.shell_completion import CompletionItem
results = [CompletionItem(c) for c in results]
return t.cast(t.List["CompletionItem"], results)
return self.type.shell_complete(ctx, self, incomplete)
class Option(Parameter):
"""Options are usually optional values on the command line and
have some extra features that arguments don't have.
All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
:param show_default: Show the default value for this option in its
help text. Values are not shown by default, unless
:attr:`Context.show_default` is ``True``. If this value is a
string, it shows that string in parentheses instead of the
actual value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options.
For single option boolean flags, the default remains hidden if
its value is ``False``.
:param show_envvar: Controls if an environment variable should be
shown on the help page. Normally, environment variables are not
shown.
:param prompt: If set to ``True`` or a non empty string then the
user will be prompted for input. If set to ``True`` the prompt
will be the option name capitalized.
:param confirmation_prompt: Prompt a second time to confirm the
value if it was prompted for. Can be set to a string instead of
``True`` to customize the message.
:param prompt_required: If set to ``False``, the user will be
prompted for input only when the option was specified as a flag
without a value.
:param hide_input: If this is ``True`` then the input on the prompt
will be hidden from the user. This is useful for password input.
:param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag. The default is
auto detection.
:param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's
enabled. This is set to a boolean automatically if
the option string contains a slash to mark two options.
:param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted
multiple times and recorded. This is similar to ``nargs``
in how it works but supports arbitrary number of
arguments.
:param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer.
:param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this
parameter will be pulled from an environment
variable in case a prefix is defined on the
context.
:param help: the help string.
:param hidden: hide this option from help outputs.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
Help text indentation is cleaned here instead of only in the
``@option`` decorator.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
The ``show_default`` parameter overrides
``Context.show_default``.
.. versionchanged:: 8.1.0
The default of a single option boolean flag is not shown if the
default value is ``False``.
.. versionchanged:: 8.0.1
``type`` is detected from ``flag_value`` if given.
"""
param_type_name = "option"
def __init__(
self,
param_decls: t.Optional[t.Sequence[str]] = None,
show_default: t.Union[bool, str, None] = None,
prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
confirmation_prompt: t.Union[bool, str] = False,
prompt_required: bool = True,
hide_input: bool = False,
is_flag: t.Optional[bool] = None,
flag_value: t.Optional[t.Any] = None,
multiple: bool = False,
count: bool = False,
allow_from_autoenv: bool = True,
type: t.Optional[t.Union[types.ParamType, t.Any]] = None,
help: t.Optional[str] = None,
hidden: bool = False,
show_choices: bool = True,
show_envvar: bool = False,
**attrs: t.Any,
) -> None:
if help:
help = inspect.cleandoc(help)
default_is_missing = "default" not in attrs
super().__init__(param_decls, type=type, multiple=multiple, **attrs)
if prompt is True:
if self.name is None:
raise TypeError("'name' is required with 'prompt=True'.")
prompt_text: t.Optional[str] = self.name.replace("_", " ").capitalize()
elif prompt is False:
prompt_text = None
else:
prompt_text = prompt
self.prompt = prompt_text
self.confirmation_prompt = confirmation_prompt
self.prompt_required = prompt_required
self.hide_input = hide_input
self.hidden = hidden
# If prompt is enabled but not required, then the option can be
# used as a flag to indicate using prompt or flag_value.
self._flag_needs_value = self.prompt is not None and not self.prompt_required
if is_flag is None:
if flag_value is not None:
# Implicitly a flag because flag_value was set.
is_flag = True
elif self._flag_needs_value:
# Not a flag, but when used as a flag it shows a prompt.
is_flag = False
else:
# Implicitly a flag because flag options were given.
is_flag = bool(self.secondary_opts)
elif is_flag is False and not self._flag_needs_value:
# Not a flag, and prompt is not enabled, can be used as a
# flag if flag_value is set.
self._flag_needs_value = flag_value is not None
if is_flag and default_is_missing and not self.required:
self.default: t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]] = False
if flag_value is None:
flag_value = not self.default
if is_flag and type is None:
# Re-guess the type from the flag value instead of the
# default.
self.type = types.convert_type(None, flag_value)
self.is_flag: bool = is_flag
self.is_bool_flag = is_flag and isinstance(self.type, types.BoolParamType)
self.flag_value: t.Any = flag_value
# Counting
self.count = count
if count:
if type is None:
self.type = types.IntRange(min=0)
if default_is_missing:
self.default = 0
self.allow_from_autoenv = allow_from_autoenv
self.help = help
self.show_default = show_default
self.show_choices = show_choices
self.show_envvar = show_envvar
if __debug__:
if self.nargs == -1:
raise TypeError("nargs=-1 is not supported for options.")
if self.prompt and self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
raise TypeError("'prompt' is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
if not self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
raise TypeError("Secondary flag is not valid for non-boolean flag.")
if self.is_bool_flag and self.hide_input and self.prompt is not None:
raise TypeError(
"'prompt' with 'hide_input' is not valid for boolean flag."
)
if self.count:
if self.multiple:
raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'multiple'.")
if self.is_flag:
raise TypeError("'count' is not valid with 'is_flag'.")
if self.multiple and self.is_flag:
raise TypeError("'multiple' is not valid with 'is_flag', use 'count'.")
def to_info_dict(self) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
info_dict = super().to_info_dict()
info_dict.update(
help=self.help,
prompt=self.prompt,
is_flag=self.is_flag,
flag_value=self.flag_value,
count=self.count,
hidden=self.hidden,
)
return info_dict
def _parse_decls(
self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]:
opts = []
secondary_opts = []
name = None
possible_names = []
for decl in decls:
if decl.isidentifier():
if name is not None:
raise TypeError(f"Name '{name}' defined twice")
name = decl
else:
split_char = ";" if decl[:1] == "/" else "/"
if split_char in decl:
first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1)
first = first.rstrip()
if first:
possible_names.append(split_opt(first))
opts.append(first)
second = second.lstrip()
if second:
secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip())
if first == second:
raise ValueError(
f"Boolean option {decl!r} cannot use the"
" same flag for true/false."
)
else:
possible_names.append(split_opt(decl))
opts.append(decl)
if name is None and possible_names:
possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0])) # group long options first
name = possible_names[0][1].replace("-", "_").lower()
if not name.isidentifier():
name = None
if name is None:
if not expose_value:
return None, opts, secondary_opts
raise TypeError("Could not determine name for option")
if not opts and not secondary_opts:
raise TypeError(
f"No options defined but a name was passed ({name})."
" Did you mean to declare an argument instead? Did"
f" you mean to pass '--{name}'?"
)
return name, opts, secondary_opts
def add_to_parser(self, parser: OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
if self.multiple:
action = "append"
elif self.count:
action = "count"
else:
action = "store"
if self.is_flag:
action = f"{action}_const"
if self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
parser.add_option(
obj=self, opts=self.opts, dest=self.name, action=action, const=True
)
parser.add_option(
obj=self,
opts=self.secondary_opts,
dest=self.name,
action=action,
const=False,
)
else:
parser.add_option(
obj=self,
opts=self.opts,
dest=self.name,
action=action,
const=self.flag_value,
)
else:
parser.add_option(
obj=self,
opts=self.opts,
dest=self.name,
action=action,
nargs=self.nargs,
)
def get_help_record(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, str]]:
if self.hidden:
return None
any_prefix_is_slash = False
def _write_opts(opts: t.Sequence[str]) -> str:
nonlocal any_prefix_is_slash
rv, any_slashes = join_options(opts)
if any_slashes:
any_prefix_is_slash = True
if not self.is_flag and not self.count:
rv += f" {self.make_metavar()}"
return rv
rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)]
if self.secondary_opts:
rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
help = self.help or ""
extra = []
if self.show_envvar:
envvar = self.envvar
if envvar is None:
if (
self.allow_from_autoenv
and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
and self.name is not None
):
envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
if envvar is not None:
var_str = (
envvar
if isinstance(envvar, str)
else ", ".join(str(d) for d in envvar)
)
extra.append(_("env var: {var}").format(var=var_str))
# Temporarily enable resilient parsing to avoid type casting
# failing for the default. Might be possible to extend this to
# help formatting in general.
resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
ctx.resilient_parsing = True
try:
default_value = self.get_default(ctx, call=False)
finally:
ctx.resilient_parsing = resilient
show_default = False
show_default_is_str = False
if self.show_default is not None:
if isinstance(self.show_default, str):
show_default_is_str = show_default = True
else:
show_default = self.show_default
elif ctx.show_default is not None:
show_default = ctx.show_default
if show_default_is_str or (show_default and (default_value is not None)):
if show_default_is_str:
default_string = f"({self.show_default})"
elif isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
default_string = ", ".join(str(d) for d in default_value)
elif inspect.isfunction(default_value):
default_string = _("(dynamic)")
elif self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts:
# For boolean flags that have distinct True/False opts,
# use the opt without prefix instead of the value.
default_string = split_opt(
(self.opts if self.default else self.secondary_opts)[0]
)[1]
elif self.is_bool_flag and not self.secondary_opts and not default_value:
default_string = ""
else:
default_string = str(default_value)
if default_string:
extra.append(_("default: {default}").format(default=default_string))
if (
isinstance(self.type, types._NumberRangeBase)
# skip count with default range type
and not (self.count and self.type.min == 0 and self.type.max is None)
):
range_str = self.type._describe_range()
if range_str:
extra.append(range_str)
if self.required:
extra.append(_("required"))
if extra:
extra_str = "; ".join(extra)
help = f"{help} [{extra_str}]" if help else f"[{extra_str}]"
return ("; " if any_prefix_is_slash else " / ").join(rv), help
@t.overload
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: "te.Literal[True]" = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
...
@t.overload
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: bool = ...
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
...
def get_default(
self, ctx: Context, call: bool = True
) -> t.Optional[t.Union[t.Any, t.Callable[[], t.Any]]]:
# If we're a non boolean flag our default is more complex because
# we need to look at all flags in the same group to figure out
# if we're the default one in which case we return the flag
# value as default.
if self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag:
for param in ctx.command.params:
if param.name == self.name and param.default:
return param.flag_value # type: ignore
return None
return super().get_default(ctx, call=call)
def prompt_for_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Any:
"""This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full
value processing if a value does not exist. It will prompt the
user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed
value as result.
"""
assert self.prompt is not None
# Calculate the default before prompting anything to be stable.
default = self.get_default(ctx)
# If this is a prompt for a flag we need to handle this
# differently.
if self.is_bool_flag:
return confirm(self.prompt, default)
return prompt(
self.prompt,
default=default,
type=self.type,
hide_input=self.hide_input,
show_choices=self.show_choices,
confirmation_prompt=self.confirmation_prompt,
value_proc=lambda x: self.process_value(ctx, x),
)
def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[str]:
rv = super().resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
if rv is not None:
return rv
if (
self.allow_from_autoenv
and ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None
and self.name is not None
):
envvar = f"{ctx.auto_envvar_prefix}_{self.name.upper()}"
rv = os.environ.get(envvar)
if rv:
return rv
return None
def value_from_envvar(self, ctx: Context) -> t.Optional[t.Any]:
rv: t.Optional[t.Any] = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx)
if rv is None:
return None
value_depth = (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple)
if value_depth > 0:
rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv)
if self.multiple and self.nargs != 1:
rv = batch(rv, self.nargs)
return rv
def consume_value(
self, ctx: Context, opts: t.Mapping[str, "Parameter"]
) -> t.Tuple[t.Any, ParameterSource]:
value, source = super().consume_value(ctx, opts)
# The parser will emit a sentinel value if the option can be
# given as a flag without a value. This is different from None
# to distinguish from the flag not being given at all.
if value is _flag_needs_value:
if self.prompt is not None and not ctx.resilient_parsing:
value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
else:
value = self.flag_value
source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
elif (
self.multiple
and value is not None
and any(v is _flag_needs_value for v in value)
):
value = [self.flag_value if v is _flag_needs_value else v for v in value]
source = ParameterSource.COMMANDLINE
# The value wasn't set, or used the param's default, prompt if
# prompting is enabled.
elif (
source in {None, ParameterSource.DEFAULT}
and self.prompt is not None
and (self.required or self.prompt_required)
and not ctx.resilient_parsing
):
value = self.prompt_for_value(ctx)
source = ParameterSource.PROMPT
return value, source
class Argument(Parameter):
"""Arguments are positional parameters to a command. They generally
provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs``
and are required by default.
All parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor.
"""
param_type_name = "argument"
def __init__(
self,
param_decls: t.Sequence[str],
required: t.Optional[bool] = None,
**attrs: t.Any,
) -> None:
if required is None:
if attrs.get("default") is not None:
required = False
else:
required = attrs.get("nargs", 1) > 0
if "multiple" in attrs:
raise TypeError("__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'multiple'.")
super().__init__(param_decls, required=required, **attrs)
if __debug__:
if self.default is not None and self.nargs == -1:
raise TypeError("'default' is not supported for nargs=-1.")
@property
def human_readable_name(self) -> str:
if self.metavar is not None:
return self.metavar
return self.name.upper() # type: ignore
def make_metavar(self) -> str:
if self.metavar is not None:
return self.metavar
var = self.type.get_metavar(self)
if not var:
var = self.name.upper() # type: ignore
if not self.required:
var = f"[{var}]"
if self.nargs != 1:
var += "..."
return var
def _parse_decls(
self, decls: t.Sequence[str], expose_value: bool
) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[str], t.List[str], t.List[str]]:
if not decls:
if not expose_value:
return None, [], []
raise TypeError("Could not determine name for argument")
if len(decls) == 1:
name = arg = decls[0]
name = name.replace("-", "_").lower()
else:
raise TypeError(
"Arguments take exactly one parameter declaration, got"
f" {len(decls)}."
)
return name, [arg], []
def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx: Context) -> t.List[str]:
return [self.make_metavar()]
def get_error_hint(self, ctx: Context) -> str:
return f"'{self.make_metavar()}'"
def add_to_parser(self, parser: OptionParser, ctx: Context) -> None:
parser.add_argument(dest=self.name, nargs=self.nargs, obj=self)