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# Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Graham Barr, Djamel Boudjerda, Paul Connolly, Julian # Onions, Nexor and Yann Kerherve. # All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute # it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. # See http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2831.txt for details package Authen::SASL::Perl::DIGEST_MD5; use strict; use vars qw($VERSION @ISA $CNONCE $NONCE); use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_hex md5); use Digest::HMAC_MD5 qw(hmac_md5); # TODO: complete qop support in server, should be configurable $VERSION = "2.14"; @ISA = qw(Authen::SASL::Perl); my %secflags = ( noplaintext => 1, noanonymous => 1, ); # some have to be quoted - some don't - sigh! my (%cqdval, %sqdval); @cqdval{qw( username authzid realm nonce cnonce digest-uri )} = (); ## ...and server behaves different than client - double sigh! @sqdval{keys %cqdval, qw(qop cipher)} = (); # username authzid realm nonce cnonce digest-uri qop cipher #)} = (); my %multi; @{$multi{server}}{qw(realm auth-param)} = (); @{$multi{client}}{qw()} = (); my @server_required = qw(algorithm nonce); my @client_required = qw(username nonce cnonce nc qop response); # available ciphers my @ourciphers = ( { name => 'rc4', ssf => 128, bs => 1, ks => 16, pkg => 'Crypt::RC4', key => sub { $_[0] }, iv => sub {}, fixup => sub { # retrofit the Crypt::RC4 module with standard subs *Crypt::RC4::encrypt = *Crypt::RC4::decrypt = sub { goto &Crypt::RC4::RC4; }; *Crypt::RC4::keysize = sub {128}; *Crypt::RC4::blocksize = sub {1}; } }, { name => '3des', ssf => 112, bs => 8, ks => 16, pkg => 'Crypt::DES3', key => sub { pack('B8' x 16, map { $_ . '0' } map { unpack('a7' x 16, $_); } unpack('B*', substr($_[0], 0, 14)) ); }, iv => sub { substr($_[0], -8, 8) }, }, { name => 'des', ssf => 56, bs => 8, ks => 16, pkg => 'Crypt::DES', key => sub { pack('B8' x 8, map { $_ . '0' } map { unpack('a7' x 8, $_); } unpack('B*',substr($_[0], 0, 7)) ); }, iv => sub { substr($_[0], -8, 8) }, }, { name => 'rc4-56', ssf => 56, bs => 1, ks => 7, pkg => 'Crypt::RC4', key => sub { $_[0] }, iv => sub {}, fixup => sub { *Crypt::RC4::encrypt = *Crypt::RC4::decrypt = sub { goto &Crypt::RC4::RC4; }; *Crypt::RC4::keysize = sub {56}; *Crypt::RC4::blocksize = sub {1}; } }, { name => 'rc4-40', ssf => 40, bs => 1, ks => 5, pkg => 'Crypt::RC4', key => sub { $_[0] }, iv => sub {}, fixup => sub { *Crypt::RC4::encrypt = *Crypt::RC4::decrypt = sub { goto &Crypt::RC4::RC4; }; *Crypt::RC4::keysize = sub {40}; *Crypt::RC4::blocksize = sub {1}; } }, ); ## The system we are on, might not be able to crypt the stream our $NO_CRYPT_AVAILABLE = 1; for (@ourciphers) { eval "require $_->{pkg}"; unless ($@) { $NO_CRYPT_AVAILABLE = 0; last; } } sub _order { 3 } sub _secflags { shift; scalar grep { $secflags{$_} } @_; } sub mechanism { 'DIGEST-MD5' } sub _init { my ($pkg, $self) = @_; bless $self, $pkg; # set default security properties $self->property('minssf', 0); $self->property('maxssf', int 2**31 - 1); # XXX - arbitrary "high" value $self->property('maxbuf', 0xFFFFFF); # maximum supported by GSSAPI mech $self->property('externalssf', 0); $self; } sub _init_server { my $server = shift; my $options = shift || {}; if (!ref $options or ref $options ne 'HASH') { warn "options for DIGEST_MD5 should be a hashref"; $options = {}; } ## new server, means new nonce_counts $server->{nonce_counts} = {}; ## determine supported qop my @qop = ('auth'); push @qop, 'auth-int' unless $options->{no_integrity}; push @qop, 'auth-conf' unless $options->{no_integrity} or $options->{no_confidentiality} or $NO_CRYPT_AVAILABLE; $server->{supported_qop} = { map { $_ => 1 } @qop }; } sub init_sec_layer { my $self = shift; $self->{cipher} = undef; $self->{khc} = undef; $self->{khs} = undef; $self->{sndseqnum} = 0; $self->{rcvseqnum} = 0; # reset properties for new session $self->property(maxout => undef); $self->property(ssf => undef); } # no initial value passed to the server sub client_start { my $self = shift; $self->{need_step} = 1; $self->{error} = undef; $self->{state} = 0; $self->init_sec_layer; ''; } sub server_start { my $self = shift; my $challenge = shift; my $cb = shift || sub {}; $self->{need_step} = 1; $self->{error} = undef; $self->{nonce} = md5_hex($NONCE || join (":", $$, time, rand)); $self->init_sec_layer; my $qop = [ sort keys %{$self->{supported_qop}} ]; ## get the realm using callbacks but default to the host specified ## during the instanciation of the SASL object my $realm = $self->_call('realm'); $realm ||= $self->host; my %response = ( nonce => $self->{nonce}, charset => 'utf-8', algorithm => 'md5-sess', realm => $realm, maxbuf => $self->property('maxbuf'), ## IN DRAFT ONLY: # If this directive is present multiple times the client MUST treat # it as if it received a single qop directive containing a comma # separated value from all instances. I.e., # 'qop="auth",qop="auth-int"' is the same as 'qop="auth,auth-int" 'qop' => $qop, 'cipher' => [ map { $_->{name} } @ourciphers ], ); my $final_response = _response(\%response); $cb->($final_response); return; } sub client_step { # $self, $server_sasl_credentials my ($self, $challenge) = @_; $self->{server_params} = \my %sparams; # Parse response parameters $self->_parse_challenge(\$challenge, server => $self->{server_params}) or return $self->set_error("Bad challenge: '$challenge'"); if ($self->{state} == 1) { # check server's `rspauth' response return $self->set_error("Server did not send rspauth in step 2") unless ($sparams{rspauth}); return $self->set_error("Invalid rspauth in step 2") unless ($self->{rspauth} eq $sparams{rspauth}); # all is well $self->set_success; return ''; } # check required fields in server challenge if (my @missing = grep { !exists $sparams{$_} } @server_required) { return $self->set_error("Server did not provide required field(s): @missing") } my %response = ( nonce => $sparams{'nonce'}, cnonce => md5_hex($CNONCE || join (":", $$, time, rand)), 'digest-uri' => $self->service . '/' . $self->host, # calc how often the server nonce has been seen; server expects "00000001" nc => sprintf("%08d", ++$self->{nonce_counts}{$sparams{'nonce'}}), charset => $sparams{'charset'}, ); return $self->set_error("Server qop too weak (qop = $sparams{'qop'})") unless ($self->_client_layer(\%sparams,\%response)); # let caller-provided fields override defaults: authorization ID, service name, realm my $s_realm = $sparams{realm} || []; my $realm = $self->_call('realm', @$s_realm); unless (defined $realm) { # If the user does not pick a realm, use the first from the server $realm = $s_realm->[0]; } if (defined $realm) { $response{realm} = $realm; } my $authzid = $self->_call('authname'); if (defined $authzid) { $response{authzid} = $authzid; } my $serv_name = $self->_call('serv'); if (defined $serv_name) { $response{'digest-uri'} .= '/' . $serv_name; } my $user = $self->_call('user'); return $self->set_error("Username is required") unless defined $user; $response{username} = $user; my $password = $self->_call('pass'); return $self->set_error("Password is required") unless defined $password; $self->property('maxout', $sparams{maxbuf} || 65536); # Generate the response value $self->{state} = 1; my ($response, $rspauth) = $self->_compute_digests_and_set_keys($password, \%response); $response{response} = $response; $self->{rspauth} = $rspauth; # finally, return our response token return _response(\%response, "is_client"); } sub _compute_digests_and_set_keys { my $self = shift; my $password = shift; my $params = shift; if (defined $params->{realm} and ref $params->{realm} eq 'ARRAY') { $params->{realm} = $params->{realm}[0]; } my $realm = $params->{realm}; $realm = "" unless defined $realm; my $A1 = join (":", md5(join (":", $params->{username}, $realm, $password)), @$params{defined($params->{authzid}) ? qw(nonce cnonce authzid) : qw(nonce cnonce) } ); # pre-compute MD5(A1) and HEX(MD5(A1)); these are used multiple times below my $hdA1 = unpack("H*", (my $dA1 = md5($A1)) ); # derive keys for layer encryption / integrity $self->{kic} = md5($dA1, 'Digest session key to client-to-server signing key magic constant'); $self->{kis} = md5($dA1, 'Digest session key to server-to-client signing key magic constant'); if (my $cipher = $self->{cipher}) { &{ $cipher->{fixup} || sub{} }; # compute keys for encryption my $ks = $cipher->{ks}; $self->{kcc} = md5(substr($dA1,0,$ks), 'Digest H(A1) to client-to-server sealing key magic constant'); $self->{kcs} = md5(substr($dA1,0,$ks), 'Digest H(A1) to server-to-client sealing key magic constant'); # get an encryption and decryption handle for the chosen cipher $self->{khc} = $cipher->{pkg}->new($cipher->{key}->($self->{kcc})); $self->{khs} = $cipher->{pkg}->new($cipher->{key}->($self->{kcs})); # initialize IVs $self->{ivc} = $cipher->{iv}->($self->{kcc}); $self->{ivs} = $cipher->{iv}->($self->{kcs}); } my $A2 = "AUTHENTICATE:" . $params->{'digest-uri'}; $A2 .= ":00000000000000000000000000000000" if ($params->{qop} ne 'auth'); my $response = md5_hex( join (":", $hdA1, @$params{qw(nonce nc cnonce qop)}, md5_hex($A2)) ); # calculate server `rspauth' response, so we can check in step 2 # the only difference here is in the A2 string which from which # `AUTHENTICATE' is omitted in the calculation of `rspauth' $A2 = ":" . $params->{'digest-uri'}; $A2 .= ":00000000000000000000000000000000" if ($params->{qop} ne 'auth'); my $rspauth = md5_hex( join (":", $hdA1, @$params{qw(nonce nc cnonce qop)}, md5_hex($A2)) ); return ($response, $rspauth); } sub server_step { my $self = shift; my $challenge = shift; my $cb = shift || sub {}; $self->{client_params} = \my %cparams; unless ( $self->_parse_challenge(\$challenge, client => $self->{client_params}) ) { $self->set_error("Bad challenge: '$challenge'"); return $cb->(); } # check required fields in server challenge if (my @missing = grep { !exists $cparams{$_} } @client_required) { $self->set_error("Client did not provide required field(s): @missing"); return $cb->(); } my $count = hex ($cparams{'nc'} || 0); unless ($count == ++$self->{nonce_counts}{$cparams{nonce}}) { $self->set_error("nonce-count doesn't match: $count"); return $cb->(); } my $qop = $cparams{'qop'} || "auth"; unless ($self->is_qop_supported($qop)) { $self->set_error("Client qop not supported (qop = '$qop')"); return $cb->(); } my $username = $cparams{'username'}; unless ($username) { $self->set_error("Client didn't provide a username"); return $cb->(); } # "The authzid MUST NOT be an empty string." if (exists $cparams{authzid} && $cparams{authzid} eq '') { $self->set_error("authzid cannot be empty"); return $cb->(); } my $authzid = $cparams{authzid}; # digest-uri: "Servers SHOULD check that the supplied value is correct. # This will detect accidental connection to the incorrect server, as well as # some redirection attacks" my $digest_uri = $cparams{'digest-uri'}; my ($cservice, $chost, $cservname) = split '/', $digest_uri, 3; if ($cservice ne $self->service or $chost ne $self->host) { # XXX deal with serv_name $self->set_error("Incorrect digest-uri"); return $cb->(); } unless (defined $self->callback('getsecret')) { $self->set_error("a getsecret callback MUST be defined"); $cb->(); return; } my $realm = $self->{client_params}->{'realm'}; my $response_check = sub { my $password = shift; return $self->set_error("Cannot get the passord for $username") unless defined $password; ## configure the security layer $self->_server_layer($qop) or return $self->set_error("Cannot negociate the security layer"); my ($expected, $rspauth) = $self->_compute_digests_and_set_keys($password, $self->{client_params}); return $self->set_error("Incorrect response $self->{client_params}->{response} <> $expected") unless $expected eq $self->{client_params}->{response}; my %response = ( rspauth => $rspauth, ); # I'm not entirely sure of what I am doing $self->{answer}{$_} = $self->{client_params}->{$_} for qw/username authzid realm serv/; $self->set_success; return _response(\%response); }; $self->callback('getsecret')->( $self, { user => $username, realm => $realm, authzid => $authzid }, sub { $cb->( $response_check->( shift ) ) }, ); } sub is_qop_supported { my $self = shift; my $qop = shift; return $self->{supported_qop}{$qop}; } sub _response { my $response = shift; my $is_client = shift; my @out; for my $k (sort keys %$response) { my $is_array = ref $response->{$k} && ref $response->{$k} eq 'ARRAY'; my @values = $is_array ? @{$response->{$k}} : ($response->{$k}); # Per spec, one way of doing it: multiple k=v #push @out, [$k, $_] for @values; # other way: comma separated list push @out, [$k, join (',', @values)]; } return join (",", map { _qdval($_->[0], $_->[1], $is_client) } @out); } sub _parse_challenge { my $self = shift; my $challenge_ref = shift; my $type = shift; my $params = shift; while($$challenge_ref =~ s/^(?:\s*,)*\s* # remaining or crap ([\w-]+) # key, eg: qop = ("([^\\"]+|\\.)*"|[^,]+) # value, eg: auth-conf or "NoNcE" \s*(?:,\s*)* # remaining //x) { my ($k, $v) = ($1,$2); if ($v =~ /^"(.*)"$/s) { ($v = $1) =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g; } if (exists $multi{$type}{$k}) { my $aref = $params->{$k} ||= []; push @$aref, $v; } elsif (defined $params->{$k}) { return $self->set_error("Bad challenge: '$$challenge_ref'"); } else { $params->{$k} = $v; } } return length $$challenge_ref ? 0 : 1; } sub _qdval { my ($k, $v, $is_client) = @_; my $qdval = $is_client ? \%cqdval : \%sqdval; if (!defined $v) { return; } elsif (exists $qdval->{$k}) { $v =~ s/([\\"])/\\$1/g; return qq{$k="$v"}; } return "$k=$v"; } sub _server_layer { my ($self, $auth) = @_; # XXX dupe # construct our qop mask my $maxssf = $self->property('maxssf') - $self->property('externalssf'); $maxssf = 0 if ($maxssf < 0); my $minssf = $self->property('minssf') - $self->property('externalssf'); $minssf = 0 if ($minssf < 0); return undef if ($maxssf < $minssf); # sanity check my $ciphers = [ map { $_->{name} } @ourciphers ]; if (( $auth eq 'auth-conf') and $self->_select_cipher($minssf, $maxssf, $ciphers )) { $self->property('ssf', $self->{cipher}->{ssf}); return 1; } if ($auth eq 'auth-int') { $self->property('ssf', 1); return 1; } if ($auth eq 'auth') { $self->property('ssf', 0); return 1; } return undef; } sub _client_layer { my ($self, $sparams, $response) = @_; # construct server qop mask # qop in server challenge is optional: if not there "auth" is assumed my $smask = 0; map { m/^auth$/ and $smask |= 1; m/^auth-int$/ and $smask |= 2; m/^auth-conf$/ and $smask |= 4; } split(/,/, $sparams->{qop}||'auth'); # XXX I think we might have a bug here bc. of LWS # construct our qop mask my $cmask = 0; my $maxssf = $self->property('maxssf') - $self->property('externalssf'); $maxssf = 0 if ($maxssf < 0); my $minssf = $self->property('minssf') - $self->property('externalssf'); $minssf = 0 if ($minssf < 0); return undef if ($maxssf < $minssf); # sanity check # ssf values > 1 mean integrity and confidentiality # ssf == 1 means integrity but no confidentiality # ssf < 1 means neither integrity nor confidentiality # no security layer can be had if buffer size is 0 $cmask |= 1 if ($minssf < 1); $cmask |= 2 if ($minssf <= 1 and $maxssf >= 1); $cmask |= 4 if ($maxssf > 1); # find common bits $cmask &= $smask; # parse server cipher options my @sciphers = split(/,/, $sparams->{'cipher-opts'}||$sparams->{cipher}||''); if (($cmask & 4) and $self->_select_cipher($minssf,$maxssf,\@sciphers)) { $response->{qop} = 'auth-conf'; $response->{cipher} = $self->{cipher}->{name}; $self->property('ssf', $self->{cipher}->{ssf}); return 1; } if ($cmask & 2) { $response->{qop} = 'auth-int'; $self->property('ssf', 1); return 1; } if ($cmask & 1) { $response->{qop} = 'auth'; $self->property('ssf', 0); return 1; } return undef; } sub _select_cipher { my ($self, $minssf, $maxssf, $ciphers) = @_; # compose a subset of candidate ciphers based on ssf and peer list my @a = map { my $c = $_; (grep { $c->{name} eq $_ } @$ciphers and $c->{ssf} >= $minssf and $c->{ssf} <= $maxssf) ? $_ : () } @ourciphers; # from these, select the first one we can create an instance of for (@a) { next unless eval "require $_->{pkg}"; $self->{cipher} = $_; return 1; } return 0; } use Digest::HMAC_MD5 qw(hmac_md5); sub encode { # input: self, plaintext buffer,length (length not used here) my $self = shift; my $seqnum = pack('N', $self->{sndseqnum}++); my $mac = substr(hmac_md5($seqnum . $_[0], $self->{kic}), 0, 10); # if integrity only, return concatenation of buffer, MAC, TYPE and SEQNUM return $_[0] . $mac.pack('n',1) . $seqnum unless ($self->{khc}); # must encrypt, block ciphers need padding bytes my $pad = ''; my $bs = $self->{cipher}->{bs}; if ($bs > 1) { # padding is added in between BUF and MAC my $n = $bs - ((length($_[0]) + 10) & ($bs - 1)); $pad = chr($n) x $n; } # XXX - for future AES cipher support, the currently used common _crypt() # function probably wont do; we might to switch to per-cipher routines # like so: # return $self->{khc}->encrypt($_[0] . $pad . $mac) . pack('n', 1) . $seqnum; return $self->_crypt(0, $_[0] . $pad . $mac) . pack('n', 1) . $seqnum; } sub decode { # input: self, cipher buffer,length my ($self, $buf, $len) = @_; return if ($len <= 16); # extract TYPE/SEQNUM from end of buffer my ($type,$seqnum) = unpack('na[4]', substr($buf, -6, 6, '')); # decrypt remaining buffer, if necessary if ($self->{khs}) { # XXX - see remark above in encode() #$buf = $self->{khs}->decrypt($buf); $buf = $self->_crypt(1, $buf); } return unless ($buf); # extract 10-byte MAC from the end of (decrypted) buffer my ($mac) = unpack('a[10]', substr($buf, -10, 10, '')); if ($self->{khs} and $self->{cipher}->{bs} > 1) { # remove padding my $n = ord(substr($buf, -1, 1)); substr($buf, -$n, $n, ''); } # check the MAC my $check = substr(hmac_md5($seqnum . $buf, $self->{kis}), 0, 10); return if ($mac ne $check); return if (unpack('N', $seqnum) != $self->{rcvseqnum}); $self->{rcvseqnum}++; return $buf; } sub _crypt { # input: op(decrypting=1/encrypting=0)), buffer my ($self,$d) = (shift,shift); my $bs = $self->{cipher}->{bs}; if ($bs <= 1) { # stream cipher return $d ? $self->{khs}->decrypt($_[0]) : $self->{khc}->encrypt($_[0]) } # the remainder of this sub is for block ciphers # get current IV my $piv = \$self->{$d ? 'ivs' : 'ivc'}; my $iv = $$piv; my $result = join '', map { my $x = $d ? $iv ^ $self->{khs}->decrypt($_) : $self->{khc}->encrypt($iv ^ $_); $iv = $d ? $_ : $x; $x; } unpack("a$bs "x(int(length($_[0])/$bs)), $_[0]); # store current IV $$piv = $iv; return $result; } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Authen::SASL::Perl::DIGEST_MD5 - Digest MD5 Authentication class =head1 SYNOPSIS use Authen::SASL qw(Perl); $sasl = Authen::SASL->new( mechanism => 'DIGEST-MD5', callback => { user => $user, pass => $pass, serv => $serv }, ); =head1 DESCRIPTION This method implements the client and server parts of the DIGEST-MD5 SASL algorithm, as described in RFC 2831. =head2 CALLBACK The callbacks used are: =head3 client =over 4 =item authname The authorization id to use after successful authentication =item user The username to be used in the response =item pass The password to be used to compute the response. =item serv The service name when authenticating to a replicated service =item realm The authentication realm when overriding the server-provided default. If not given the server-provided value is used. The callback will be passed the list of realms that the server provided in the initial response. =back =head3 server =over 4 =item realm The default realm to provide to the client =item getsecret(username, realm, authzid) returns the password associated with C<username> and C<realm> =back =head2 PROPERTIES The properties used are: =over 4 =item maxbuf The maximum buffer size for receiving cipher text =item minssf The minimum SSF value that should be provided by the SASL security layer. The default is 0 =item maxssf The maximum SSF value that should be provided by the SASL security layer. The default is 2**31 =item externalssf The SSF value provided by an underlying external security layer. The default is 0 =item ssf The actual SSF value provided by the SASL security layer after the SASL authentication phase has been completed. This value is read-only and set by the implementation after the SASL authentication phase has been completed. =item maxout The maximum plaintext buffer size for sending data to the peer. This value is set by the implementation after the SASL authentication phase has been completed and a SASL security layer is in effect. =back =head1 SEE ALSO L<Authen::SASL>, L<Authen::SASL::Perl> =head1 AUTHORS Graham Barr, Djamel Boudjerda (NEXOR), Paul Connolly, Julian Onions (NEXOR), Yann Kerherve. Please report any bugs, or post any suggestions, to the perl-ldap mailing list <perl-ldap@perl.org> =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Graham Barr, Djamel Boudjerda, Paul Connolly, Julian Onions, Nexor, Peter Marschall and Yann Kerherve. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut