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>cracklib utilities</TITLE
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><DIV
CLASS="ARTICLE"
><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="title"
><A
NAME="AEN1"
>cracklib utilities</A
></H1
><H3
CLASS="author"
><A
NAME="AEN33"
>Jean Pierre LeJacq</A
></H3
><H3
CLASS="author"
><A
NAME="AEN38"
>Martin Pitt</A
></H3
><H3
CLASS="author"
><A
NAME="AEN43"
>Jan Dittberner</A
></H3
><P
CLASS="copyright"
>Copyright © 1998, 1999 Jean Pierre LeJacq</P
><P
CLASS="copyright"
>Copyright © 2003 Martin Pitt</P
><P
CLASS="copyright"
>Copyright © 2008 Jan Dittberner</P
><P
CLASS="pubdate"
>$Date: 2008-06-26 21:38:06 +0200 (Do, 26 Jun 2008) $<BR></P
><DIV
><DIV
CLASS="abstract"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN4"
></A
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib2</SPAN
> is a library
containing a C function which may be used in a <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html/passwd+1"
TARGET="_top"
>passwd
(1)</A
> like program. The idea is simple: try to prevent
users from choosing passwords that could be guessed by <A
HREF="http://www.crypticide.com/alecm/security/c50-faq.html"
TARGET="_top"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>crack</TT
></SPAN
></A
>
by filtering them out, at
source. <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib2</SPAN
> is
<SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>not</I
></SPAN
> a replacement <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html/passwd+1"
TARGET="_top"
>passwd
(1)</A
> program. <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib2</SPAN
> is a
<SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>library</I
></SPAN
>.</P
><P
><FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib-runtime</FONT
> contains run-time support programs which use the shared library in <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>libcrack2</FONT
> including programs to build the password dictionary databases used by the functions in the shared library.</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><HR></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="#AEN49"
>Upstream <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
> utilities.</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>1.1. <A
HREF="#AEN52"
><FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
> dictionary utilities.</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>1.1.1. <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-format"
>cracklib-format</A
></DT
><DT
>1.1.2. <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-packer"
>cracklib-packer</A
></DT
><DT
>1.1.3. <A
HREF="#AEN69"
>cracklib-unpacker</A
></DT
><DT
>1.1.4. <A
HREF="#AEN78"
>create-cracklib-dict</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>1.2. <A
HREF="#AEN87"
><FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
>'s test utility
<SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-check.</SPAN
></A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="#AEN97"
>Debian <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
> utilities.</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>2.1. <A
HREF="#AEN100"
>update-cracklib</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="#AEN112"
>Debian dictionaries</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>3.1. <A
HREF="#s-debian-dictionary-location"
>Database location for cracklib utilities.</A
></DT
><DT
>3.2. <A
HREF="#AEN125"
>Word lists for creating dictionary databases.</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN49"
>1. Upstream <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
> utilities.</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN52"
>1.1. <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
> dictionary utilities.</A
></H3
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H4
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="s-cracklib-format"
>1.1.1. cracklib-format</A
></H4
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-format</SPAN
> takes a list
of text files each containing a list of words, one per line,
It lowercases all words, removes control characters, and
sorts the lists. It outputs the cleaned up list to standard
output.
</P
><P
>For more information see the manual page of <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?cracklib-format+8"
TARGET="_top"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-format</SPAN
></A
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H4
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="s-cracklib-packer"
>1.1.2. cracklib-packer</A
></H4
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-packer</SPAN
> reads from
standard input a list of sorted and cleaned words and creates
a database from the result.</P
><P
>For more information see the manual page of <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?cracklib-packer+8"
TARGET="_top"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-packer</SPAN
></A
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H4
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN69"
>1.1.3. cracklib-unpacker</A
></H4
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-unpacker</SPAN
> reads from
a database created by <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-packer"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-packer</SPAN
></A
>
and outputs on standard output the list of words that make up
the database.</P
><P
>For more information see the manual page of <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?cracklib-unpacker+8"
TARGET="_top"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-unpacker</SPAN
></A
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H4
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN78"
>1.1.4. create-cracklib-dict</A
></H4
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>create-cracklib-dict</SPAN
> takes
one or more word list files as arguments and converts them
into cracklib dictionaries for use by password checking
programs. The results are placed in the default compiled-in
dictionary location (<A
HREF="#s-debian-dictionary-location"
>Section 3.1</A
>).</P
><P
>If you wish to store the dictionary in a different
location, use the <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-format"
>cracklib-format</A
> and <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-packer"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-packer</SPAN
></A
>
commands directly.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN87"
>1.2. <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
>'s test utility
<SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-check.</SPAN
></A
></H3
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-check</SPAN
> takes a list of
passwords from stdin and checks them via libcrack2's <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html/FascistCheck+3"
TARGET="_top"
>FascistCheck</A
>
sub routine.</P
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-check</SPAN
> prints each
checked password and the corresponding result of <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html/FascistCheck+3"
TARGET="_top"
>FascistCheck</A
>
to stdout. The password and the result are separated by a
colon.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN97"
>2. Debian <FONT
COLOR="RED"
>cracklib2</FONT
> utilities.</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN100"
>2.1. update-cracklib</A
></H3
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>update-cracklib</SPAN
> uses <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-format"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-format</SPAN
></A
>
and <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-packer"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-packer</SPAN
></A
>
to update the default cracklib dictionary it uses the word lists
configured in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/cracklib/cracklib.conf</TT
>.</P
><P
>For more information see the manual page of <A
HREF="/cgi-bin/man/man2html?update-cracklib+8"
TARGET="_top"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-format</SPAN
></A
>.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN112"
>3. Debian dictionaries</A
></H2
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib2</SPAN
> uses a word database
that is in a binary format generated by the utilities <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-format"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-format</SPAN
></A
>
and <A
HREF="#s-cracklib-packer"
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib-packer</SPAN
></A
>. Three
files are created with the suffixes of .hwm, .pwd, and .pwi. These
files are not byte-order independent, in fact they are probably
architecture specific, mostly due to speed constraints.</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="s-debian-dictionary-location"
>3.1. Database location for cracklib utilities.</A
></H3
><P
>All cracklib utilities can use a dictionary database
location specified as a command line argument. The utilities use
a default dictionary database if nothing else is specified. On a
Debian system the database is located in the directory
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/var/cache/cracklib/cracklib_dict</TT
> and is
generated daily with the program
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/cron.daily/cracklib</TT
>.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN125"
>3.2. Word lists for creating dictionary databases.</A
></H3
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="application"
>cracklib2</SPAN
> is only as good as the word dictionary database you create. Basically, you want to include any word that a malicious user could guess. It could include:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>Names (including nicknames and user ids) of all users.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Names of pets, relatives, cars, ... of all users.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Computer, network, printer, ... names.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Insurance numbers, employee numbers, ... of users. *
...</P
></LI
></UL
>
</P
><P
>Debian provides a number of word lists that can be used as
sources for creating the cracklib2 dictionary database. The
package wenglish provides a standard ASCII word list that can be
directly used. The package ispell also supplies a large word
list but it is in binary format. I haven't figured out how to
decode this binary format so that the resulting word list can be
used by cracklib2.</P
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