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package LWP::MediaTypes; require Exporter; @ISA = qw(Exporter); @EXPORT = qw(guess_media_type media_suffix); @EXPORT_OK = qw(add_type add_encoding read_media_types); our $VERSION = '6.04'; use strict; use Scalar::Util qw(blessed); use Carp qw(croak); # note: These hashes will also be filled with the entries found in # the 'media.types' file. my %suffixType = ( 'txt' => 'text/plain', 'html' => 'text/html', 'gif' => 'image/gif', 'jpg' => 'image/jpeg', 'xml' => 'text/xml', ); my %suffixExt = ( 'text/plain' => 'txt', 'text/html' => 'html', 'image/gif' => 'gif', 'image/jpeg' => 'jpg', 'text/xml' => 'xml', ); #XXX: there should be some way to define this in the media.types files. my %suffixEncoding = ( 'Z' => 'compress', 'gz' => 'gzip', 'hqx' => 'x-hqx', 'uu' => 'x-uuencode', 'z' => 'x-pack', 'bz2' => 'x-bzip2', ); read_media_types(); sub guess_media_type { my($file, $header) = @_; return undef unless defined $file; my $fullname; if (ref $file) { croak("Unable to determine filetype on unblessed refs") unless blessed($file); if ($file->can('path')) { $file = $file->path; } elsif ($file->can('filename')) { $fullname = $file->filename; } else { $fullname = "" . $file; } } else { $fullname = $file; # enable peek at actual file } my @encoding = (); my $ct = undef; for (file_exts($file)) { # first check this dot part as encoding spec if (exists $suffixEncoding{$_}) { unshift(@encoding, $suffixEncoding{$_}); next; } if (exists $suffixEncoding{lc $_}) { unshift(@encoding, $suffixEncoding{lc $_}); next; } # check content-type if (exists $suffixType{$_}) { $ct = $suffixType{$_}; last; } if (exists $suffixType{lc $_}) { $ct = $suffixType{lc $_}; last; } # don't know nothing about this dot part, bail out last; } unless (defined $ct) { # Take a look at the file if (defined $fullname) { $ct = (-T $fullname) ? "text/plain" : "application/octet-stream"; } else { $ct = "application/octet-stream"; } } if ($header) { $header->header('Content-Type' => $ct); $header->header('Content-Encoding' => \@encoding) if @encoding; } wantarray ? ($ct, @encoding) : $ct; } sub media_suffix { if (!wantarray && @_ == 1 && $_[0] !~ /\*/) { return $suffixExt{lc $_[0]}; } my(@type) = @_; my(@suffix, $ext, $type); foreach (@type) { if (s/\*/.*/) { while(($ext,$type) = each(%suffixType)) { push(@suffix, $ext) if $type =~ /^$_$/i; } } else { my $ltype = lc $_; while(($ext,$type) = each(%suffixType)) { push(@suffix, $ext) if lc $type eq $ltype; } } } wantarray ? @suffix : $suffix[0]; } sub file_exts { require File::Basename; my @parts = reverse split(/\./, File::Basename::basename($_[0])); pop(@parts); # never consider first part @parts; } sub add_type { my($type, @exts) = @_; for my $ext (@exts) { $ext =~ s/^\.//; $suffixType{$ext} = $type; } $suffixExt{lc $type} = $exts[0] if @exts; } sub add_encoding { my($type, @exts) = @_; for my $ext (@exts) { $ext =~ s/^\.//; $suffixEncoding{$ext} = $type; } } sub read_media_types { my(@files) = @_; local($/, $_) = ("\n", undef); # ensure correct $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR my @priv_files = (); push(@priv_files, "$ENV{HOME}/.media.types", "$ENV{HOME}/.mime.types") if defined $ENV{HOME}; # Some doesn't have a home (for instance Win32) # Try to locate "media.types" file, and initialize %suffixType from it my $typefile; unless (@files) { @files = map {"$_/LWP/media.types"} @INC; push @files, @priv_files; } for $typefile (@files) { local(*TYPE); open(TYPE, $typefile) || next; while (<TYPE>) { next if /^\s*#/; # comment line next if /^\s*$/; # blank line s/#.*//; # remove end-of-line comments my($type, @exts) = split(' ', $_); add_type($type, @exts); } close(TYPE); } } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME LWP::MediaTypes - guess media type for a file or a URL =head1 SYNOPSIS use LWP::MediaTypes qw(guess_media_type); $type = guess_media_type("/tmp/foo.gif"); =head1 DESCRIPTION This module provides functions for handling media (also known as MIME) types and encodings. The mapping from file extensions to media types is defined by the F<media.types> file. If the F<~/.media.types> file exists it is used instead. For backwards compatibility we will also look for F<~/.mime.types>. The following functions are exported by default: =over 4 =item guess_media_type( $filename ) =item guess_media_type( $uri ) =item guess_media_type( $filename_or_object, $header_to_modify ) This function tries to guess media type and encoding for a file or objects that support the a C<path> or C<filename> method, eg, L<URI> or L<File::Temp> objects. When an object does not support either method, it will be stringified to determine the filename. It returns the content type, which is a string like C<"text/html">. In array context it also returns any content encodings applied (in the order used to encode the file). You can pass a URI object reference, instead of the file name. If the type can not be deduced from looking at the file name, then guess_media_type() will let the C<-T> Perl operator take a look. If this works (and C<-T> returns a TRUE value) then we return I<text/plain> as the type, otherwise we return I<application/octet-stream> as the type. The optional second argument should be a reference to a HTTP::Headers object or any object that implements the $obj->header method in a similar way. When it is present the values of the 'Content-Type' and 'Content-Encoding' will be set for this header. =item media_suffix( $type, ... ) This function will return all suffixes that can be used to denote the specified media type(s). Wildcard types can be used. In a scalar context it will return the first suffix found. Examples: @suffixes = media_suffix('image/*', 'audio/basic'); $suffix = media_suffix('text/html'); =back The following functions are only exported by explicit request: =over 4 =item add_type( $type, @exts ) Associate a list of file extensions with the given media type. Example: add_type("x-world/x-vrml" => qw(wrl vrml)); =item add_encoding( $type, @ext ) Associate a list of file extensions with an encoding type. Example: add_encoding("x-gzip" => "gz"); =item read_media_types( @files ) Parse media types files and add the type mappings found there. Example: read_media_types("conf/mime.types"); =back =head1 COPYRIGHT Copyright 1995-1999 Gisle Aas. This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.