Server IP : 85.214.239.14 / Your IP : 3.23.103.14 Web Server : Apache/2.4.62 (Debian) System : Linux h2886529.stratoserver.net 4.9.0 #1 SMP Tue Jan 9 19:45:01 MSK 2024 x86_64 User : www-data ( 33) PHP Version : 7.4.18 Disable Function : pcntl_alarm,pcntl_fork,pcntl_waitpid,pcntl_wait,pcntl_wifexited,pcntl_wifstopped,pcntl_wifsignaled,pcntl_wifcontinued,pcntl_wexitstatus,pcntl_wtermsig,pcntl_wstopsig,pcntl_signal,pcntl_signal_get_handler,pcntl_signal_dispatch,pcntl_get_last_error,pcntl_strerror,pcntl_sigprocmask,pcntl_sigwaitinfo,pcntl_sigtimedwait,pcntl_exec,pcntl_getpriority,pcntl_setpriority,pcntl_async_signals,pcntl_unshare, MySQL : OFF | cURL : OFF | WGET : ON | Perl : ON | Python : ON | Sudo : ON | Pkexec : OFF Directory : /proc/2/root/proc/3/cwd/bin/ |
Upload File : |
#!/usr/bin/perl -w # Create new PostgreSQL cluster or integrate an existing data directory into # the postgresql-common infrastructure. # # (C) 2005-2013 Martin Pitt <mpitt@debian.org> # (C) 2012-2021 Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org> # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. use strict; use warnings; use PgCommon; use Getopt::Long; use POSIX qw/lchown setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE/; $ENV{'PATH'} = '/bin:/usr/bin'; # untaint my @postgres_user = getpwnam 'postgres'; my %defaultconf; my $explicit_auth_config = 0; my $quiet; chdir '/'; # call initdb sub init_db { my ($version, $cluster, $datadir, $owneruid, $ownergid, $local_method, $host_method, $initdb_opts_from_cli) = @_; $datadir = readlink $datadir if (-l $datadir); if (system 'install', '-d', '-o', $owneruid, '-g', $ownergid, $datadir) { error 'could not create data directory; you might need to run this program with root privileges'; } # disable copy-on-write semantics for PostgreSQL data on btrfs and similar; # this fails on file systems which don't support it, so ignore errors system "chattr +C '$datadir' 2>/dev/null"; my @initdb = (get_program_path 'initdb', $version); die 'Internal error: could not determine initdb path' unless $initdb[0]; push @initdb, ('-D', $datadir); if (my $waldir = $defaultconf{'waldir'} || $defaultconf{'xlogdir'}) { my $wal = $version >= 10 ? 'wal' : 'xlog'; # renamed in PG 10 push @initdb, ("--${wal}dir", replace_v_c ($waldir, $version, $cluster)); } unless ($explicit_auth_config) { if ($version >= '9.2') { push @initdb, ('--auth-local', $local_method); push @initdb, ('--auth-host', $host_method); } else { # trust is the default, but set it explicitly to mute a warning from initdb # the actual method will be filled in by setup_pg_hba() push @initdb, ('-A', 'trust'); } } # cluster startup message if ($version >= 14) { push @initdb, '--no-instructions'; } else { # ask initdb to print a different cluster start command (Debian patch) $ENV{CLUSTER_START_COMMAND} = "pg_ctlcluster $version $cluster start"; } # options from config and command line if (my $options = $defaultconf{'initdb_options'}) { push @initdb, split (/\s+/, replace_v_c ($options, $version, $cluster)); } push @initdb, @$initdb_opts_from_cli; if (fork) { wait; error 'initdb failed' if $?; } else{ change_ugid $owneruid, $ownergid; print "@initdb\n" unless ($quiet); close STDOUT if ($quiet); # suppress initdb output exec @initdb; } } # move a file to a directory with defined permissions; set <postgresql.conf option> in # postgresql.conf. # Arguments: <source file> <target dir> <uid> <gid> <perms> <postgresql.conf option> sub move_conffile { my ($file, $target, $version, $cluster, $uid, $gid, $perms, $confopt) = @_; my $realfile = $file; while (-l $realfile) { $realfile = readlink $realfile; } if (-e $file) { install_file $realfile, $target, $uid, $gid, $perms; unlink $file, $realfile; my @pathcomps = split ('/', $file); $target .= '/' . $pathcomps[-1]; PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', $confopt, $target if $confopt; } else { error "move_conffile: required configuration file $realfile does not exist"; } } # Set up the default pg_hba.conf file: # - Add a "local all" entry to pg_hba.conf for the db superuser before all # other entries. # - Change default authentication for host entries to md5. sub setup_pg_hba { my ($version, $owneruid, $confdir, $local_method, $host_method) = @_; my $user = (getpwuid $owneruid)[0]; my $fname = "$confdir/pg_hba.conf"; my $su_comment = " # DO NOT DISABLE! # If you change this first entry you will need to make sure that the # database superuser can access the database using some other method. # Noninteractive access to all databases is required during automatic # maintenance (custom daily cronjobs, replication, and similar tasks). # # Database administrative login by Unix domain socket "; open my $hba, '<', $fname or error "could not open $fname for reading"; my $search = 1; my @lines; while (my $line = <$hba>) { # add superuser entry before column description line if ($search && $line =~ /#.*TYPE\s+DATABASE/) { push @lines, $su_comment; push @lines, sprintf "%-7s %-15s %-39s %s\n", 'local', 'all', $user, $local_method; push @lines, "\n"; $search = 0; } if ($version < '9.2' and not $explicit_auth_config) { # default authentication for Unix socket connections if ($line =~ /^#?local/) { $line =~ s/trust/$local_method/; } # default authentication for TCP connections if ($line =~ /^#?host/) { $line =~ s/trust/$host_method/; } } push @lines, $line; } close $hba; error "setup_pg_hba: did not find insert position" if $search; open my $new_hba, '>', $fname or error "could not open $fname for writing"; foreach (@lines) { print $new_hba $_; } close $new_hba; } # # Execution starts here # # this flag gets set when we started creating the cluster, and thus we need to # clean up on errors my $cleanup_cruft = 0; # command line arguments my $startconf = ''; my @pgoptions; my $createclusterconf = "$PgCommon::common_confdir/createcluster.conf"; my $environmentfile = "$PgCommon::common_confdir/environment"; my ($owneruid, $ownergid, $socketdir, $datadir, $custom_logfile, $start, $port); my ($encoding, $locale, $lc_collate, $lc_ctype, $lc_messages, $lc_monetary, $lc_numeric, $lc_time); my ($no_status); exit 1 unless GetOptions ('u|user=s' => \$owneruid, 'g|group=s' => \$ownergid, 's|socketdir=s' => \$socketdir, 'd|datadir=s' => \$datadir, 'start' => \$start, 'e|encoding=s' => \$encoding, 'l|logfile=s' => \$custom_logfile, 'start-conf=s' => \$startconf, 'o|pgoption=s' => sub { $_[1] =~ /(.*?)=(.*)/ or error ("No '=' in pgoption '$_[1]'"); push @pgoptions, [$1, $2]; }, 'createclusterconf=s' => \$createclusterconf, 'environment=s' => \$environmentfile, 'no-status' => \$no_status, 'p|port=i' => \$port, 'q|quiet' => \$quiet, 'locale=s' => \$locale, 'lc-collate=s' => \$lc_collate, 'lc-ctype=s' => \$lc_ctype, 'lc-messages=s' => \$lc_messages, 'lc-monetary=s' => \$lc_monetary, 'lc-numeric=s' => \$lc_numeric, 'lc-time=s' => \$lc_time); # read defaults from /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf %defaultconf = PgCommon::read_conf_file ($createclusterconf); # process --pgoption parameters foreach my $guc (@pgoptions) { if ($guc->[1] eq '') { delete $defaultconf{$guc->[0]}; } else { $defaultconf{$guc->[0]} = $guc->[1]; } } $explicit_auth_config = 1 if ($defaultconf{initdb_options} and $defaultconf{initdb_options} =~ /(^| )(-\w*A|--auth\b)/); # check validity of locale unless (setlocale (LC_ALL, "")) { my $env = join "\n", map { " $_: $ENV{$_}" } grep { /^(LC_|LANG)/ } sort keys %ENV; error ("The locale requested by the environment is invalid:\n$env") } if (@ARGV < 2) { print "Usage: $0 [options] <version> <cluster name> [-- <initdb options>] Options: -u <uid> cluster owner and superuser (default: 'postgres') -g <gid> group for data files (default: primary group of owner) -d <dir> data directory (default: /var/lib/postgresql/<version>/<cluster name>) -s <dir> socket directory (default: /var/run/postgresql for clusters owned by 'postgres', /tmp for other clusters) -l <dir> path to desired log file (default: /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-<version>-<cluster>.log) --locale <encoding> set cluster locale (default: inherit from environment) --lc-collate/ctype/messages/monetary/numeric/time <locale> like --locale, but only set for a particular category -e <encoding> Default encoding (default: derived from locale) -p <port> port number (default: next free port starting from 5432) --start start the cluster after creating it --start-conf auto|manual|disabled Set automatic startup behaviour in start.conf (default: 'auto') --createclusterconf=file alternative createcluster.conf to use --environment=file alternative environment file to use <initdb options> other options to pass to initdb "; exit 1; } $startconf ||= $defaultconf{'start_conf'} || 'auto'; error "Invalid --start-conf value: $startconf" if $startconf ne 'auto' && $startconf ne 'manual' && $startconf ne 'disabled'; if ($owneruid) { $owneruid = (getpwnam $owneruid)[2] unless $owneruid =~ /^\d+$/; } elsif ($> == 0) { $owneruid = getpwnam 'postgres'; error 'User postgres does not exist' unless $owneruid; } else { $owneruid = $>; } if ($ownergid) { $ownergid = (getgrnam $ownergid)[2] unless $ownergid =~ /^\d+$/; } else { $ownergid = (getpwuid $owneruid)[3]; } error 'clusters must not be owned by root' unless $owneruid; my ($version) = $ARGV[0] =~ /^(\d+\.?\d+)$/; error "invalid version '$ARGV[0]'" unless defined $version; my ($cluster) = $ARGV[1] =~ /^([-.\w]+)$/; error "invalid cluster name '$ARGV[1]'" unless defined $cluster; if ($cluster =~ /-/ and -t 1) { print "Warning: cluster names containing dashes (-) will cause problems when running from systemd. Continuing anyway\n"; } splice @ARGV, 0, 2; my @initdb_opts_from_cli; # options passed through to initdb push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--encoding', $encoding) if $encoding; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--locale', $locale) if $locale; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--lc-collate', $lc_collate) if $lc_collate; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--lc-ctype', $lc_ctype) if $lc_ctype; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--lc-messages', $lc_messages) if $lc_messages; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--lc-monetary', $lc_monetary) if $lc_monetary; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--lc-numeric', $lc_numeric) if $lc_numeric; push @initdb_opts_from_cli, ('--lc-time', $lc_time) if $lc_time; # initdb options passed after -- foreach my $argv (@ARGV) { # the user passed an authentication method, don't mess with initdb and pg_hba.conf if ($argv =~ /^(-\w*A|--auth\b)/) { # -A --auth --auth-host --auth-local $explicit_auth_config = 1; } push @initdb_opts_from_cli, $argv =~ /(.*)/; # untaint } # pg_hba.conf authentication settings my $local_method = $version >= 9.1 ? 'peer' : ($version >= 8.4 ? 'ident' : 'ident sameuser'); my $host_method = $version >= 14 ? 'scram-sha-256' : 'md5'; # create parent of data directory if missing my $datadirp_created; if (!defined $datadir) { $datadir = replace_v_c ($defaultconf{'data_directory'} || "/var/lib/postgresql/%v/%c", $version, $cluster); $datadir =~ s!/+$!!; my $pd = $datadir; $pd =~ s!/[^/]*$!!; # ensure that the version data dir is owned by postgres as well, so that # it can be administrated without root permissions if (!stat $pd) { my @install = qw(install -d); push @install, '-o', $postgres_user[2], '-g', $postgres_user[3] if ($> == 0); system @install, $pd; $datadirp_created = $pd; # clean up in case of error } } my $confdirp = "$PgCommon::confroot/$version"; my $confdir = "$confdirp/$cluster"; # some sanity checks error "no initdb program for version $version found" unless get_program_path 'initdb', $version; error 'cluster configuration already exists' if -e "$confdir/postgresql.conf" || -e "$confdir/pg_hba.conf"; if (defined $port) { error 'port must be a positive integer between 1024 and 65535' unless $port =~ /^\d+/ && $port >= 1024 && $port <= 65535; } else { $port = next_free_port; } # create configuration directory if (!stat $confdirp) { my @install = qw(install -d); push @install, '-o', $postgres_user[2], '-g', $postgres_user[3] if ($> == 0); system @install, $confdirp; } # now we created the first new directory for this cluster and start to rollback # on error $cleanup_cruft = 1; error 'could not create configuration directory; you might ' . 'need to run this program with root privileges' if system ('install', '-d', $confdir); # check whether we have an already existing cluster; check version and # determine owner in this case my $newcluster = 0; if (-f "$datadir/PG_VERSION") { open my $fh, '<', "$datadir/PG_VERSION" or error "could not open $datadir/PG_VERSION"; chomp(my $existingver = <$fh>); close $fh; ($owneruid, $ownergid) = (stat "$datadir/PG_VERSION")[4,5]; if ($existingver == $version) { print "Configuring already existing cluster (configuration: $confdir, data: $datadir, owner: $owneruid:$ownergid)\n"; } else { error "$datadir contains a version $existingver cluster, but $version was requested"; } } else { print "Creating new PostgreSQL cluster $version/$cluster ...\n"; init_db $version, $cluster, $datadir, $owneruid, $ownergid, $local_method, $host_method, \@initdb_opts_from_cli; $newcluster = 1; } # create default "start" file set_cluster_start_conf $version, $cluster, $startconf; # create default pg_ctl.conf file set_cluster_pg_ctl_conf $version, $cluster, ''; # move conffiles, setup permissions move_conffile "$datadir/postgresql.conf", $confdir, $version, $cluster, $owneruid, $ownergid, '644'; move_conffile "$datadir/pg_hba.conf", $confdir, $version, $cluster, $owneruid, $ownergid, '640', 'hba_file'; move_conffile "$datadir/pg_ident.conf", $confdir, $version, $cluster, $owneruid, $ownergid, '640', 'ident_file'; foreach my $f ($datadir, $confdir, "$confdir/start.conf", "$confdir/pg_ctl.conf") { lchown $owneruid, $ownergid, $f or error "lchown $f: $!"; } PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'data_directory', $datadir; # add access for database superuser setup_pg_hba $version, $owneruid, $confdir, $local_method, $host_method if $newcluster and not $explicit_auth_config; # configure socket directory if (! $socketdir && ! -e '/var/run/postgresql') { system 'install', '-d', '-o', $postgres_user[2], '-g', $postgres_user[3], '/var/run/postgresql'; } if ($socketdir && ! -e $socketdir) { if (system 'install', '-d', '-m', '0755', '-o', $owneruid, '-g', $ownergid, $socketdir) { error "could not create socket directory $socketdir"; } } my $orig_euid = $>; my $orig_egid = $); $) = $ownergid; $> = $owneruid; unless ($socketdir) { if ($version < 9.4 and $PgCommon::rpm) { $socketdir = '/tmp'; # PGDG 9.3 and earlier defaults to /tmp in libpq et al. } elsif (-w '/var/run/postgresql') { $socketdir = '/var/run/postgresql'; } else { $socketdir='/tmp'; } } set_cluster_socketdir $version, $cluster, $socketdir; $> = $orig_euid; $) = $orig_egid; set_cluster_port $version, $cluster, $port; # create log file if (! -d '/var/log/postgresql') { mkdir '/var/log/postgresql' or error "could not create log directory; you might need to run this program with root privileges"; chmod 01775, '/var/log/postgresql'; lchown 0, $postgres_user[3], '/var/log/postgresql'; } my $real_logfile = $custom_logfile || "/var/log/postgresql/postgresql-$version-$cluster.log"; error "logfile $real_logfile is a directory, not a file" if (-d $real_logfile); if (! -e $real_logfile) { open my $fh, '>>', $real_logfile or error "could not create log file $real_logfile"; } chmod 0640, $real_logfile; my $g; if ($owneruid < 500) { $g = (getgrnam 'adm')[2]; } else { $g = $ownergid; } lchown $owneruid, $g, $real_logfile; # if we are using a non-default log file, create a log symlink if ($custom_logfile) { symlink $real_logfile, "$confdir/log"; lchown $owneruid, $ownergid, "$confdir/log"; } # SSL configuration my $want_ssl = PgCommon::config_bool($defaultconf{ssl} || 'on'); # older versions (<= 9.1 as of 2019-03) do not support ssl anymore my $postgres = get_program_path('postgres', $version); my $ldd = `ldd $postgres 2>/dev/null`; $want_ssl = 0 if ($ldd and $ldd !~ /libssl/); # Check whether we can access the SSL private key as the cluster owner my $ssl_key_file = '/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key'; my $ssl_cert_file = '/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem'; my $ssl_ca_file = "$PgCommon::common_confdir/root.crt"; my $ssl_key_access; my ($uid, $euid, $gid, $egid) = ($<, $>, $(, $)); change_ugid $owneruid, $ownergid; $ssl_key_access = -r $ssl_key_file; # check for stats_temp_directory access delete $defaultconf{stats_temp_directory} if ($version < 8.4 or $version >= 15); if ($defaultconf{stats_temp_directory}) { my $stats_temp_directory = replace_v_c ($defaultconf{stats_temp_directory}, $version, $cluster); $stats_temp_directory =~ s!/$!!; # strip trailing slash my $stats_temp_parent = $stats_temp_directory; $stats_temp_parent =~ s!/[^/]+$!!; if (-d $stats_temp_directory) { if (! -w $stats_temp_directory) { print "Warning: The selected stats_temp_directory $stats_temp_directory is not writable for the cluster owner. Not adding this setting in postgresql.conf.\n"; delete $defaultconf{stats_temp_directory}; } } elsif (! -d $stats_temp_parent) { print "Warning: The parent $stats_temp_parent of the selected stats_temp_directory does not exist. Not adding this setting in postgresql.conf.\n"; delete $defaultconf{stats_temp_directory}; } elsif (! -w $stats_temp_parent) { print "Warning: The parent $stats_temp_parent of the selected stats_temp_directory is not writable for the cluster owner. Not adding this setting in postgresql.conf.\n"; delete $defaultconf{stats_temp_directory}; } # create the stats directory now. pg_ctlcluster would create it anyway, but # when using pg_upgradecluster -m upgrade, it is not run before the cluster # is started for the first time if ($defaultconf{stats_temp_directory}) { system 'install', '-d', '-m', '750', '-o', $owneruid, '-g', $ownergid, $stats_temp_directory; } } $> = $euid; $< = $uid; $( = $gid; $) = $egid; die "changing euid back: $!" if $> != $euid; die "changing egid back: $!" if $) != $egid; # enable SSL if we have the snakeoil default certificate if ($want_ssl && $newcluster && -e $ssl_cert_file && $ssl_key_access) { if ($version >= '9.2') { PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'ssl_cert_file', $ssl_cert_file; PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'ssl_key_file', $ssl_key_file; } else { symlink $ssl_cert_file, "$datadir/server.crt"; symlink $ssl_key_file, "$datadir/server.key"; } PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'ssl', 'on'; } # SSL client certificate CA if ($want_ssl && $newcluster && -e $ssl_ca_file) { # check if we have a cert in there or just the boilerplate installed by our postinst open my $fh, '<', $ssl_ca_file or error "could not open $ssl_ca_file for reading"; my $val; read $fh, $val, 4096; if ($val =~ /^-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----/m) { if ($version >= '9.2') { PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'ssl_ca_file', $ssl_ca_file; } else { symlink $ssl_ca_file, $datadir.'/root.crt'; } } } # SSL client certificate revocation list if ($want_ssl && $newcluster && -e "$PgCommon::common_confdir/root.crl") { if ($version >= '9.2') { PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'ssl_crl_file', "$PgCommon::common_confdir/root.crl"; } else { symlink "$PgCommon::common_confdir/root.crl", $datadir.'/root.crl'; } } # create default (empty) environment file my $defaultenv = "# environment variables for postgres processes # This file has the same syntax as postgresql.conf: # VARIABLE = simple_value # VARIABLE2 = 'any value!' # I. e. you need to enclose any value which does not only consist of letters, # numbers, and '-', '_', '.' in single quotes. Shell commands are not # evaluated. "; if (-e $environmentfile) { open my $env, '<', $environmentfile or error "could not read environment file $environmentfile"; local $/; # slurp mode $defaultenv = <$env>; } $defaultenv = replace_v_c ($defaultenv, $version, $cluster); open my $env, '>', "$confdir/environment" or error "could not create environment file $confdir/environment"; print $env $defaultenv; close $env; chmod 0644, "$confdir/environment"; lchown $owneruid, $ownergid, "$confdir/environment"; $cleanup_cruft = 0; # configure to create external PID file if ($socketdir eq '/var/run/postgresql') { PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', 'external_pid_file', "/var/run/postgresql/$version-$cluster.pid"; } # handle other createcluster.conf parameters, including --pgoption parameters foreach my $guc (sort keys %defaultconf) { next if $guc =~ /^(create_main_cluster|start_conf|data_directory|waldir|xlogdir|initdb_options|ssl)$/; next if $guc eq 'logging_collector' and $version < 8.3; next if $guc eq 'cluster_name' and $version < 9.5; my $val = replace_v_c ($defaultconf{$guc}, $version, $cluster); $guc =~ s/^add_include/include/; # remove harness from include directives in createcluster.conf if ($guc eq 'include_dir') { next if ($version < 9.3); if ($val =~ /^[\w.]+$/ and not -e "$confdir/$val") { # create directory relative to new config directory mkdir "$confdir/$val", 0755; lchown $owneruid, $ownergid, "$confdir/$val"; } } PgCommon::set_conf_value $version, $cluster, 'postgresql.conf', $guc, $val; } # notify systemd about the new cluster if (not exists $ENV{'PG_CLUSTER_CONF_ROOT'} and $startconf eq 'auto' and -d '/run/systemd/system') { if ($> == 0) { system 'systemctl daemon-reload'; } elsif (-t 1) { print "Warning: systemd does not know about the new cluster yet. Operations like \"service postgresql start\" will not handle it. To fix, run:\n"; print " sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n"; } } # notify apt about the new cluster if (not exists $ENV{'PG_CLUSTER_CONF_ROOT'} and $> == 0) { system "/usr/share/postgresql-common/pg_updateaptconfig"; } # start it if requested if ($start) { system 'pg_ctlcluster', $version, $cluster, 'start'; die "Could not start cluster\n" if ($?); } # finally, show the cluster we created system 'pg_lsclusters', $version, $cluster unless ($quiet or $no_status); END { # clean up cruft if something went wrong if ($cleanup_cruft && defined $version && defined $cluster) { system "pg_dropcluster $version $cluster 2>/dev/null"; rmdir $datadirp_created if ($datadirp_created); # clean up after early errors which pg_dropcluster doesn't handle exit 1; } } __END__ =head1 NAME pg_createcluster - create a new PostgreSQL cluster =head1 SYNOPSIS B<pg_createcluster> [I<options>] I<version> I<name> [B<--> I<initdb options>] =head1 DESCRIPTION B<pg_createcluster> creates a new PostgreSQL server cluster (i. e. a collection of databases served by a L<postgres(1)> instance) and integrates it into the multi-version/multi-cluster architecture of the B<postgresql-common> package. Every cluster is uniquely identified by its version and name. The name can be arbitrary. The default cluster that is created on installation of a server package is C<main>. However, you might wish to create other clusters for testing, with other superusers, a cluster for each user on a shared server, etc. C<pg_createcluster> will abort with an error if you try to create a cluster with a name that already exists for that version. For compatibility with B<systemd> service units, the cluster name should not contain any dashes (B<->). B<pg_ctlcluster> will warn about the problem, but succeed with the operation. Given a major PostgreSQL I<version> (like "8.2" or "8.3") and a cluster I<name>, it creates the necessary configuration files in C</etc/postgresql/>I<version>C</>I<name>C</>; in particular these are C<postgresql.conf>, C<pg_ident.conf>, C<pg_hba.conf>, a postgresql-common specific configuration file C<start.conf> (see B<STARTUP CONTROL> below), C<pg_ctl.conf>, and a symbolic link C<log> which points to the log file (by default, C</var/log/postgresql/postgresql->I<version>C<->I<name>C<.log>). C<postgresql.conf> is automatically adapted to use the next available port, i. e. the first port (starting from 5432) which is not yet used by an already existing cluster. If the data directory does not yet exist, PostgreSQL's L<initdb(1)> command is used to generate a new cluster structure. If the data directory already exists, it is integrated into the B<postgresql-common> structure by moving the configuration file and setting the data_directory option. Please note that this I<only> works for data directories which were created directly with B<initdb>, i. e. all the configuration files (C<postgresql.conf> etc.) must be present in the data directory. If a custom socket directory is given and it does not exist, it is created. If the log file does not exist, it is created. In any case the permissions are adjusted to allow write access to the cluster owner. Please note that C<postgresql.conf> can be customized to specify C<log_directory> and/or C<log_filename>; if at least one of these options is present, then the symbolic link C<log> in the cluster configuration directory is ignored. If the default snakeoil SSL certificate exists (C</etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem> and C</etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key>), and the C<postgres> user is in the C<ssl-cert> Unix group, B<pg_createcluster> configures the cluster to use this certificate, and enables SSL. Therefore all clusters will use the same SSL certificate by default. For versions up to 9.1, symlinks in the data directory will be created (C<server.crt> and C<server.key>); for 9.2 and later, the appropriate C<postgresql.conf> options will be set (C<ssl_cert_file> and C<ssl_key_file>). Of course you can replace this with a cluster specific certificate. Similarly for C</etc/postgresql-common/root.crt> and C</etc/postgresql-common/root.crl>, these files will be configured as client certificate CA and revocation list, when present. (C<root.crt> is initially a placeholder that will only be used if real certificates are added to the file.) =head1 OPTIONS =over 4 =item B<-u> I<user>, B<--user=>I<user> Set the user who owns the cluster and becomes the database superuser to the given name or uid. By default, this is the user B<postgres>. A cluster must not be owned by root. =item B<-g> I<group>, B<--group=>I<group> Change the group of the cluster related data files. By default this will be the primary group of the database owner. =item B<-d> I<dir>, B<--datadir=>I<dir> Explicitly set the data directory path, which is used to store all the actual databases and tables. This will become quite big (easily in the order of five times the amount of actual data stored in the cluster). Defaults to C</var/lib/postgresql/>I<version>C</>I<cluster>. =item B<-s> I<dir>, B<--socketdir=>I<dir> Explicitly set the directory where the L<postgres(1)> server stores the Unix socket for local connections. Defaults to C</var/run/postgresql/> for clusters owned by the user B<postgres>, and C</tmp> for clusters owned by other users. Please be aware that C</tmp> is an unsafe directory since everybody can create a socket there and impersonate the database server. If the given directory does not exist, it is created with appropriate permissions. =item B<-l> I<path>, B<--logfile=>I<path> Explicitly set the path for the L<postgres(1)> server log file. Defaults to C</var/log/postgresql/postgresql->I<version>C<->I<cluster>C<.log>. =item B<--locale=>I<locale> Set the default locale for the database cluster. If this option is not specified, the locale is inherited from the environment that B<pg_createcluster> runs in. =item B<--lc-collate=>I<locale> =item B<--lc-ctype=>I<locale> =item B<--lc-messages=>I<locale> =item B<--lc-monetary=>I<locale> =item B<--lc-numeric=>I<locale> =item B<--lc-time=>I<locale> Like B<--locale>, but only sets the locale in the specified category. =item B<-e> I<encoding>, B<--encoding=>I<encoding> Select the encoding of the template database. This will also be the default encoding of any database you create later, unless you override it there. The default is derived from the locale, or SQL_ASCII if that does not work. The character sets supported by the PostgreSQL server are described in the documentation. B<Note>: It is not recommended to set this option directly! Set the locale instead. =item B<-p> I<port>, B<--port=>I<port> Select the port the new cluster listens on (for the Unix socket and the TCP port); this must be a number between 1024 and 65535, since PostgreSQL does not run as root and thus needs an unprivileged port number. By default the next free port starting from 5432 is assigned. =item B<-q> B<--quiet> B<--no-status> Suppress output from B<initdb> and (or only) the cluster status message at the end of the output. =item B<--start> Immediately start a server for the cluster after creating it (i. e. call C<pg_ctlcluster> I<version cluster> C<start> on it). By default, the cluster is not started. =item B<--start-conf=>B<auto>|B<manual>|B<disabled> Set the initial value in the C<start.conf> configuration file. See B<STARTUP CONTROL> below. By default, B<auto> is used, which means that the cluster is handled by C</etc/init.d/postgresql>, i. e. starts and stops automatically on system boot. =item B<-o> I<guc>B<=>I<value>, B<--pgoption> I<guc>B<=>I<value> Configuration option to set in the new C<postgresql.conf> file. =item B<--createclusterconf=>I<file> Alternative B<createcluster.conf> file to use. Default is C</etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf> (or C<$PGSYSCONFDIR/createcluster.conf>). =item B<--environment=>I<file> Alternative default B<environment> file to use. Default is C</etc/postgresql-common/environment> (or C<$PGSYSCONFDIR/environment>). If the file is missing, a placeholder string is used. %v and %c are replaced; see DEFAULT VALUES below. =item B<--> I<initdb options> Options passed directly to L<initdb(1)>. Per default, B<pg_createcluster> will update the C<pg_hba.conf> file generated by initdb to use peer authentication on local (unix) connections, and md5 on TCP (host) connections. If explicit authentication config is included here (B<-A>, B<--auth>, B<--auth-host>, B<--auth-local>), the C<pg_hba.conf> file will be left untouched. I<Note:> If only one of B<--auth-host> and B<--auth-local> is provided, the other setting will default to B<trust> as per B<initdb>'s defaults, opening a potential security risk. =back =head1 STARTUP CONTROL The C<start.conf> file in the cluster configuration directory controls the start/stop behavior of that cluster's postgres process. The file can contain comment lines (started with '#'), empty lines, and must have exactly one line with one of the following keywords: =over 4 =item B<auto> The postgres process is started/stopped automatically in the init script. When running from B<systemd>, the cluster is started/stopped when B<postgresql.service> is started/stopped. This is also the default if the file is missing. =item B<manual> The postgres process is not handled by the init script, but manually controlling the cluster with L<pg_ctlcluster(1)> is permitted. When running from B<systemd>, the cluster is not started automatically when B<postgresql.service> is started. However, stopping/restarting B<postgresql.service> will stop/restart the cluster. The cluster can be started using B<systemctl start postgresql@>I<version>B<->I<cluster>. =item B<disabled> Neither the init script, L<pg_ctlcluster(1)>, nor B<postgresql@.service> are permitted to start/stop the cluster. Please be aware that this will not stop the cluster owner from calling lower level tools to control the postgres process; this option is only meant to prevent accidents during maintenance, not more. =back When running from B<systemd>, invoke B<systemctl daemon-reload> after editing C<start.conf>. The C<pg_ctl.conf> file in the cluster configuration directory can contain additional options passed to B<pg_ctl> of that cluster. =head1 DEFAULT VALUES Some default values used by B<pg_createcluster> can be modified in C</etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf>. Occurrences of B<%v> are replaced by the major version number, and B<%c> by the cluster name. Use B<%%> for a literal B<%>. =over 4 =item B<create_main_cluster> (Default: B<true>) Create a B<main> cluster when a new postgresql-NN server package is installed. =item B<start_conf> (Default: B<auto>) Default C<start.conf> value to use. =back =over 4 =item B<data_directory> (Default: B</var/lib/postgresql/%v/%c>) Default data directory. =item B<waldir|xlogdir> (Default: unset) Default directory for transaction logs. When used, B<initdb> will create a symlink from C<pg_wal> (PostgreSQL 9.6 and earlier: C<pg_xlog>) in the data directory to this location. Unset by default, i.e. transaction logs remain in the data directory. Both spellings of this option are accepted, and translated to the correct initdb invocation depending on the cluster version. =item B<initdb_options> (Default: unset) Other options to pass to B<initdb>. =item Other options All other options listed are copied into the new cluster's postgresql.conf, e.g.: listen_addresses = '*' log_line_prefix = '%%t ' Some postgresql.conf options are treated specially: =over 4 =item B<ssl> Only added to postgresql.conf if the default snakeoil certificates exist and are readable for the cluster owner as detailed above. =item B<stats_temp_directory> Only added to postgresql.conf if existing, and writable for the cluster owner, or else if the parent directory is writable. Not used on PostgreSQL 15 or later. =back =item Include files =over 4 =item B<include> =item B<include_if_exists> =item B<include_dir> B<createcluster.conf> supports the same include directives as B<postgresql.conf>. =item B<add_include> =item B<add_include_if_exists> =item B<add_include_dir> To add include directives to the new postgresql.conf file, use the B<add_*> directives. The B<add_> prefix is removed. =back =back =head1 SEE ALSO L<initdb(1)>, L<pg_ctlcluster(8)>, L<pg_lsclusters(1)>, L<pg_wrapper(1)> =head1 AUTHORS Martin Pitt L<E<lt>mpitt@debian.orgE<gt>>, Christoph Berg L<E<lt>myon@debian.orgE<gt>>